Lagoons represent nearly 13% of the shoreline globally and around 5% in Europe. Coastal lagoons are shallow water bodies separated from the ocean by a barrier (e.g., narrow spit), connected at least intermittently to the ocean by one or more restricted inlets, and usually geographically oriented parallel to the shore-line. Coastal lagoons are flexible and usually able to cope with environmental change, yet nowadays they are under threat. This is partly due to climate change impacts (for example, sea-level rise and hydro-meteorological extreme events) but also due to more direct human activities and pressures.
The book focuses on addressing these challenges through integrated management strategies seen in a land-sea and science-stakeholder-policy perspective. Pan-European management challenges are seen from the context of the perspectives of Policy, Environment and Modelling. Four case study lagoons in different geographical locations in Europe provide examples of some of the practical experiences and results around these challenges. Possible impacts on drainage basins and lagoons are introduced through integrated scenarios which were developed through a multi-science and land-lagoon science perspective combined with interactions and contributions from stakeholders and citizens. Issues around climate change impacts on environmental conditions in both drainage basins and lagoons are also included.
Chapter
1.1.4 Administrative capacity and political will
1.2 THE CHALLENGES FACING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL LAGOONS
1.2.1 Coastal lagoon ecosystems
1.2.2 Ecological status, ecosystem services and human well-being
1.2.3 Ecosystem-based management approach
1.2.4 Vulnerability to climate change and to emergent environmental stressors
1.3 CHALLENGES OF USING NUMERICAL MODELS IN A SCIENCE-MANAGEMENT CONTEXT
1.3.2 Challenges in modelling
1.3.2.1 Selection of a model
1.3.3 Success stories of model usage in management
Chapter 2: The LAGOONS project in a management challenge context
2.2 OBJECTIVE, CONCEPT AND METHODOLOGY
2.2.2 Concepts and methodology
2.3 THE CASE STUDY LAGOONS
2.4 THE EUROPEAN POLICY CONTEXT
2.5 THE BOTTOM-UP APPROACH FOR A PAN-EUROPEAN VIEW
Chapter 3: The physio-geographical background and ecology of Ria de Aveiro
3.2 STUDY SITE DESCRIPTION
3.2.1 Characterization of the Vouga river drainage basin
3.2.2 Characterization of the Ria de Aveiro lagoon
3.2.3 Hydrological regime
3.2.4 Meteorological characterization
3.2.5 Geological and physiographic characterization
3.3 WATER RESOURCES AND QUALITY STATUS
3.3.1 Water resources and demands
3.3.2 Water quality status
3.4.2 Environmental conditions and issues
3.5 MARINE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES (CICES CLASSIFICATION)
Chapter 4: The management story of Ria de Aveiro
4.2.1 Water management, institutions and stakeholders
4.2.2 Water use rights and laws
4.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND LIVELIHOOD
4.3.1 Agriculture and livestock
4.3.2 Port facilities and fishing
4.3.6 Tourism and recreational activities
4.3.7 Stakeholders perception of ecosystem services
4.4 INSTITUTIONS, LAWS, RIGHTS AND CONFLICTS
4.4.1 Institutions, stakeholders and social groups
4.4.2 The national and local regulatory structures
Chapter 5: The physio-geographical background and ecology of Mar Menor
5.2 STUDY SITE DESCRIPTION
5.2.1 Physical conditions of the lagoon and the drainage basin
5.3 NATURAL RESOURCES AND LAND-USE
5.4 MAIN ECOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
5.4.1 Pollution of the lagoon
5.4.2 Groundwater pollution and overexploitation
5.4.3 Impact on protected natural areas
5.4.4 Impact on public domain
5.4.5 Increase in surface run-off
5.5 MARINE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES (CICES CLASSIFICATION)
Chapter 6: The management story of Mar Menor
6.2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND LIVELIHOOD ISSUES
6.2.1 Socio-economic activities
6.2.1.1 Agriculture and irrigation
6.2.1.3 Urban and tourism and recreational activities
6.2.1.5 Fishing and port facilities
6.2.1.7 Mining activities
6.2.2 Wastewater treatment plant infrastructures
6.3 INSTITUTIONS AND MANAGEMENT
Chapter 7: The physio-geographical background and ecology of the Vistula Lagoon
7.2 STUDY SITE DESCRIPTION
7.2.1 Characterization of the Vistula Lagoon drainage basin
7.2.2 Characterization of the Vistula Lagoon
7.2.3 Hydrological regime
7.2.4 Meteorological characterization
7.2.4.1 Climate patterns (normal vs extreme events)
7.2.4.2 Precipitation and temperature
7.2.5 Geological characterization
7.3 WATER RESOURCES AND QUALITY STATUS
7.3.1 Water resources and demands
7.3.2 Water quality status
7.4.3 Environmental conditions and issues
7.5 MARINE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES (CICES CLASSIFICATION)
Chapter 8: The management story of the Vistula Lagoon
8.2.1 Institutions and water management
8.2.2 Coastal zone and water use rights and laws
8.2.3 Environmental problems and water use conflicts
8.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND LIVELIHOOD
8.3.1 Agriculture and livestock
8.3.2 Port facilities and fishing
8.3.4 Tourism and recreational activities
8.3.5 Stakeholder perception of ecosystem services
8.4 INSTITUTIONS, LAWS, RIGHTS AND CONFLICTS
8.4.1 Institutions, stakeholders and social groups
8.4.2 Cooperation between trans-national partners
8.5 MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE VISTULA LAGOON REGION AS AN OUTCOME OF THE COOPERATION
Chapter 9: The physio-geographical background and ecology of Tyligulskyi Liman Lagoon
9.2 STUDY SITE DESCRIPTION
9.2.1 Characterization of the Tyligul River drainage basin
9.2.2 Characterization of the Tyligulskyi Liman lagoon
9.2.3 Hydrological regime
9.2.4 Meteorological characterization
9.3 WATER RESOURCES AND QUALITY STATUS
9.3.1 Water resources and demands
9.3.2 Water quality status
9.4.2 Environmental conditions and issues
9.5 MARINE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES (CICES CLASSIFICATION)
Chapter 10: The management story of Tyligulskyi Liman Lagoon
10.2.1 Institutions and water management
10.2.2 Water use rights and laws
10.2.3 Water use conflicts
10.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND LIVELIHOOD
10.3.1 Agriculture and livestock
10.3.2 Fishing and aquaculture
10.3.4 Tourism and recreational activities
10.3.5 Stakeholder perception of ecosystem services
10.4 INSTITUTIONS, LAWS, RIGHTS AND CONFLICTS
10.4.1 Institutions, stakeholders and social groups
10.4.2 The national and local regulatory structures
Chapter 11: Application of modelling tools and data to assess climate and land use change impacts at the catchment scale
11.1 CLIMATE AND LAND USE CHANGE IN EUROPE IN THE 21ST CENTURY
11.1.1 Observed climate trends
11.1.2 Expected changes in climate
11.1.3 Observed changes in land use
11.1.4 Trends in land use
11.2 TOOLS USED FOR CREATING SCENARIOS OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND IMPACT ASSESSMENT
11.2.2 Hydrological models
11.3 TOOLS USED FOR IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN THE DRAINAGE AREAS OF FOUR LAGOONS
11.3.2 The eco-hydrological model SWIM
11.4 DATA AVAILABILITY FOR IMPACT STUDIES IN FOUR DRAINAGE AREAS
Chapter 12: The challenges to improve integrated catchment and lagoon modelling in the context of climate change
12.2 LINKING CATCHMENT-LAGOON MODELS UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS
Chapter 13: Impacts of potential climate change on lagoons and their catchments
13.1.1 Motivation and objectives of the study
13.1.2 Overview of the applied climate change scenarios
13.2.1 Modelling approach for impact study in the catchments
13.2.2 Modelling approach for impact study in the lagoons
13.3 RESULTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE CATCHMENTS
13.3.5 Discussion of results
13.4 RESULTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE LAGOONS
13.4.5 Discussion of results
13.5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Chapter 14: Engagement of local communities and integrated scenarios: building qualitative scenario storylines and their quantification
14.2 ENABLING ACTIVE ENGAGEMENT AND INPUT OF LOCAL PARTICIPANTS USING A THREE STAGE PARTICIPATORY PROCESS
14.2.2 Citizens’ juries (CJs)
14.3 BUILDING AND FORMING THE SCENARIOS
14.3.1 BAU for Ria de Aveiro
14.3.2 Set aside for Vistula Lagoon (Poland)
14.3.3 Populating the qualitative scenario storylines with numerical data
14.4 DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS
Chapter 15: Potential impacts of socio-economic and environmental changes in four European lagoon drainage basins
15.2 APPLICATION OF SCENARIOS
15.2.1 Translation of qualitative scenarios into quantitative scenarios
15.3 POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES FOR FOUR LAGOON BASINS
15.3.1 Impacts on water quantity
15.3.2 Impacts on water quality
15.4 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Chapter 16: Lagoons impact integrated scenarios
16.2 APPLICATION OF SCENARIOS AND THEIR IMPACT ON LAGOONS
16.2.3 The Tyligulskyi Liman
16.2.4 The Vistula lagoon
16.3 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Chapter 17: LAGOONS response using key bio-indicators and implications on ecological status (WFD)
17.2 THE BENTHIC COMMUNITIES IN EACH CASE STUDY LAGOON
17.2.1 Ria de Aveiro benthic habitats and species richness
17.2.1.1 Seagrass meadows and macroalgae
17.2.1.2 Euhaline sand habitat
17.2.1.3 Polihaline-mesohaline muddy sand habitat
17.2.1.4 Mesohaline-oligohaline muddy sand habitat
17.2.1.5 Oligohaline-limnetic muddy sand habitat
17.2.2 Mar Menor benthic habitats and species richness
17.2.2.3 Cymodocea nodosa
17.2.2.4 Caulerpa prolifera
17.2.3 Tyligulskyi Liman lagoon benthic habitats and species richness
17.2.3.1 Macrophyte meadows
17.2.3.4 Muddy-sandy sediments
17.2.4 Vistula lagoon benthic habitats and species richness
17.2.4.1 Macrophyte habitats with submerged vegetation
17.2.4.2 Macrophyte habitats with emergent vegetation
17.2.4.3 Muddy sediment habitat
17.2.4.4 Sandy sediment habitat
17.3 THE ECOLOGICAL QUALITY STATUS (ECOQS)
17.3.2 A comparative view of EcoQS in the four lagoons
Chapter 18: ARCH: Architecture and roadmap to manage multiple pressures on lagoons
18.2 PROMOTION OF AN INTEGRATED RESEARCH APPROACH
18.2.1 Case study sites and their key issues as identified in an integrated and multidisciplinary process
18.3 EMPLOYMENT OF A TRUE PARTICIPATORY PROCESS
18.3.1 The process in ARCH
18.3.2 A true participatory process
18.3.3 Stakeholder knowledge
18.3.4 First conclusions concerning the workshop process
18.4 FORMULATING REALISTIC STRATEGIES
18.4.2 Evaluating the connection
Chapter 19: European coastal lagoons: an integrated vision for ecosystem services, environmental SWOT analysis and human well-being
19.1 THE CONCEPTS OF NATURAL CAPITAL, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AND SWOT
19.2 ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SELECTED EUROPEAN LAGOONS
19.3 THE CICES ECOSYSTEM SERVICES CLASSIFICATION METHOD
19.4 THE SWOT ANALYSIS METHOD
19.5 THE ECOSYSTEM BASED APPROACH QUESTIONNAIRE
19.6.1 Ecosystem services in the four case study lagoons
19.6.2 Coastal lagoons SWOT analysis in four coastal lagoons
19.6.3 Stakeholders vision
19.7 INTEGRATED VISION FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL LAGOONS AT THE EUROPEAN LEVEL
Chapter 20: The DPSIR framework applied to the society vision for tourism in 2030 in European coastal lagoons
20.2.1 The four European lagoons and the desirable 2030 scenario for each lagoon
20.2.2 The DPSIR framework
20.3 THE DRIVER: POPULATION GROWTH AND TOURISM
20.3.1 Present conditions (pressures, state change and impacts)
20.3.2 Desired vision for the 2030 and link to EU policy instruments
20.4 MANAGEMENT RECOMENDATIONS
20.4.1 Overview for all lagoons
20.4.2 Specific recommendations and potential pressures
20.5.1 Sustainable tourism as a goal for European coastal lagoons
Chapter 21: Management of coastal lagoons – lessons learnt and recommendations
21.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL LAGOONS
21.3 LESSONS LEARNT ON THE CHALLENGES OF USING NUMERICAL MODELS
21.4 LESSONS LEARNT ON THE CHALLENGES FACING THE GOVERNANCE OF COASTAL LAGOONS
21.4.1 Governance systems
21.4.2 Interplay – laws, policies, institutions and actors
21.4.3 Administrative capacity
Coastal Lagoons in Europe
：Integrated Water Resource Strategies
( Water Research Series )
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