Cover

Title

Copyright

Contents

Preface

Conference programme advisory panel

Part I General Overview

1 Slow sand filtration: recent research and application perspectives

INTRODUCTION

BIOMASS

FABRIC LAYERS

OZONE PRE-TREATMENT

GAC AMENDMENTS

SSF MODELLING

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

2 A Review of Biologically-Based Drinking Water Treatment Processes for Organic Micropollutant Removal

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

3 Overview on the current condition of slow sand filtration and its challenges in Japan

INTRODUCTION

HISTORICAL OBSERVATION OF JAPAN’S SSF

MAIN FACTORS ON SSF’S DECREASE IN JAPAN

THE PROBLEM AND CHALLENGES OF SSF IN JAPAN

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

4 The Centenary Slow Sand Filtration in Nagoya City – A 100 Year Trend of Water Quality

INTRODUCTION

HISTORY OF THE SLOW SAND FILTRATION

OUTLINE OF EXISTING DATA

TRENDS OF THE RAW WATER QUALITY

TRENDS OF THE QUALITY OF THE SLOW SAND FILTER EFFLUENT

MERIT OF SLOW SAND FILTRATION

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

5 The centenary slow sand filtration in Nagoya City - the reconstruction of the slow sand filters

INTRODUCTION

GEOMORPHOLOGY AND WATERWORKS IN JAPAN

WATERWORKS AND SLOW SAND FILTRATION IN NAGOYA

BETTER DRINKING WATER

RECONSTRUCTION AND FEATURE

CONCLUSIONS

6 Value of Adenosine Tri-Phosphate and Total Cell Count for the assessment of general microbial water quality after sand filtration

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

7 Evaluation of dissolved organic matter fractions removal due to biodegradation

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

8 Comparison between different filter systems as a post treatment after tertiary ozonation

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Part II Slow Sand Filtration – Process Behaviour

9 Food chain is the key in ecological purification system: new concept and new name of slow sand filter

INTRODUCTION

UPGRADE FILTER RATE

ALGAL GROWTH IS NOT SERIOUS

FOOD CHAIN IS THE KEY FOR PURIFICATION

SCRAPE THE SAND SURFACE

SUCCESSION OF ALGAE AND GRAZING ACTIVITY

ECOLOGICAL PURIFICATION SYSTEM

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

10 A study of protistan movement speed and filtration rate in slow sand filter as an ecological purification system

INTRODUCTION

METHODS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

REFERENCES

11 Analysis of bacterial community structures in slow sand filtration bed on different region and soil depth by PCR-DGGE method

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

12 Gut bacterial floras of aquatic invertebrates inhabiting slow sand filter beds

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

13 The functioning of biological slow sand filtration in relation to the presence and the role of Annelids in the schmutzdecke

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

14 The inhibitory effect of Tubificid on head loss in slow sand filtration

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

15 Schmutzdecke development and treated water quality

INTRODUCTION

STUDY AREA

NEW DEVICE TO COLLECT SCHUMITZDECKE

REPRESENTATIVENESS VERIFICATION

ALGAL DEVELOPMENT OF SCHMUTZDECKE AND HEADLOSS

TURBIDITY OF TREATED WATER

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

16 The silicon circulation hypothesis based on slow sand filtration/ecological purification system

INTRODUCTION

The Si circulation hypothesis by microbe weathering in the past findings

The changes of Si concentration in the ecological purification system

Significance of increasing amount of Si supply

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

17 Effect of sudden changes of slow sand filtration rate on number of bacteria and particles in effluent

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Part III Slow Sand Filtration – Treatment Performance

18 Slow sand filtration process model for removal of microorganisms

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

19 Removal of anti-inflammatory compounds by ecological filtration

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

20 Removal of bromophenols by slow sand filtration

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

21 The iron and manganese removal process: Its microbial habitats and functions

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCE

22 Biological iron removal from community water source - Corriverton, Republic of Guyana

BACKGROUND

TARGET AREA

IRON BACTERIA

DESIGN CONDITION

RESULTS

TOWARD SUSTAINABLE OPERATION

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

23 Case studies of slow sand filtration/ecological purification system in small scale water supply

INTRODUCTION

OUTLINE OF THE PROJECTS

SPECIFICATIONS OF FACILITIES

WATER QUALITY

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

24 Water supply of a small community with a small slow sand filtration/ecological purification system unit

INTRODUCTION

DISTRICT K OVERVIEW

REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS, AND NEEDS OF DISTRICT RESIDENTS

PROPOSED MEASURES FOR IMPROVEMENT, VALIDATION AND EXPERIMENT

FULL-SCALE INTRODUCTION

RESULTS

25 Refocus on slow sand filter in Kakuda city and Marumori town after Great East Japan Earthquake

INTRODUCTION

SLOW SAND FILTER OF ODA WPP IN KAKUDA CITY

DAMAGE OF EARTHQUAKE IN KAKUDA CITY

SLOW SAND FITER IN MARUMORI TOWN

REFOCUS ON SLOW SAND FILTER

26 Small slow sand filter system for rural area in Bolivia

INTRODUCTION

TARGETED AREA

MATERIAL AND METHODS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

REFERENCES

Part IV Slow Sand Filtration – Process Developments

27 Switching on pesticide degraders in biological filters used in drinking water production

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

28 Bioaugmentation reduces negative effect of estrogens on coliform removal in slow sand filters

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

29 Reduction of water hardness with a compact slow sand filtration system

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

30 Installing a DIY-based home slow sand filter - Is it possible to make it without speciality?

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

31 Development of an unmanned operate system for a slow sand filter/ecological purification system

INTRODUCTION

OUTLINE OF THE SYSTEM

EXPERIMENT AND RESULT

RESULT

ECONOMICAL EFFICIENCY

CONCLUSIONS

32 Process Optimization of Solar Energy Based Slow Sand Filtration

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

33 Performance of ecological purification system in Samoa

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

34 Household bio-purification device

INTRODUCTION

DESIGN

CONSTRUCTION

CONTROLLING THE PUMP

MAINTENANCE

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

35 A study to further reduce the turbidity level of slow sand filtered water in Tanigahara water purification plant, Japan

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS

DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

36 The countermeasure against the increase of disinfection by-products concentration by humic substances at a water purification plant using a slow sand filtration system

INTRODUCTION

COUNTERMEASURE AGAINST HUMIC SUBSTANCES

CONCLUSION

REFERENCE

37 On the function of upflow roughing filter for slow sand filter – pilot experiment in Niigata, Japan

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF PILOT PLANT EXAMINATION

PILOT PLANT

BATCH TEST FOR SEDIMENTATION

UPFLOW ROUGHING FILTER EXPERIMENT

SLUDGE DRAIN EXPERIMENT

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

38 Enhancement of the efficiency of upflow slow sand filtration - effect of combined application with a fiber filter unit

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

39 Surface water treatment plant using ecological purification system in Bangladesh

INTRODUCTION

DESCRIPTION OF PLANT

OPERATION AND MAINTEANCE

INCOME AND EXPENDITURE

CONCLUSION

40 Development of ecological purification unit for producing drinking water from organically polluted raw water (BOD~30 mg/L)

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL CONDITION OF THE EPU

VERIFICATION RESULT OF THE EPU

OPERATION COST COMPARISION OF EPU WITH RO-PLANT

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

REFERENCES

41 Slow sand and slow biochar filtration of raw wastewater

INTRODUCTION

MATERIAL AND METHODS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Part V Biosand Filters

42 Global Review of the Adoption, Use, and Performance of the Biosand Filter

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

43 Recent advances in household biosand filter design

INTRODUCTION

DIMENSION CHANGE

FILTRATION RATE AND SAND SPECIFICATIONS

PAUSE PERIOD

CLEANING/MAINTENANCE

DIFFUSER BASIN

RIPENING AND VIRUS REMOVAL

IRON-AMENDMENT & ALTERNATE VERSIONS

SUMMARY

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

44 Performance optimisation of household biosand filters

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

45 Optimizing intermittent slow sand filters (biosand) construction for more consistent microbial removals

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

46 Utilizing structural equation modeling as an evaluation tool for critical parameters of the biosand filter in a pilot study in Para, Brazil

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

47 Household filter to remove iron and nitrate for drinking water

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

48 Long-term performance evaluation of biosand filters modified with zero-valent iron

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Part VI Alternative Biofiltration – Process Behaviour

49 Mechanisms of DOC removal from secondary effluents in a lab biofilter

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

50 Change of water treatment efficiency in the transition from granular activated carbon to biological activated carbon on an advanced water purification plant

INTRODUCTION

RESEARCH POINTS AND ITEMS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

51 Autotrophic growth competition between ammonia-oxidizing archaea and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in biological activated carbon filter with nitrification potential

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

52 Influence of preozonation on the performance of subsequent bio-filter in water treatment under low temperature condition: Biomass and community analysis

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

53 Deterioration mechanisms of granular activated carbon in fluidized-bed contactor with biological and physical effects

INTRODUCTION

METHODS

RESULTS AND CONDITIONS

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

54 Living-Filter: an in-reservoir biofiltration system for phytoplankton reduction at the abstraction point

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Part VII Alternative Biofiltration – Treatment Performance

55 Removal of easily and more complex biodegradable NOM by full-scale BAC filters to produce biological stable drinking water

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

56 Renewal and selection of granular activated carbon in advanced drinking water purification in Tokyo

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

57 Biofilm accumulation characteristics of heterotrophic bacteria in tap water produced by biological activated carbon process

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCE

58 Manganese removal in BAC facilities without ozonation in water purification plants

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL METHOD

RESULTS

DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

59 Use of water sensitive urban design systems for biofiltration of urban stormwater: laboratory biodegradation batch studies

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Part VIII Alternative Biofiltration – Process Developments

60 Applicability of spherical coconut shell activated carbon to biological activated carbon for advanced drinking water treatment

INTRODUCTION

CURRENT STATUS OF GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON

OVERVIEW OF SPHERICAL COCONUT SHELL ACTIVATED CARBON

MANUFACTURING METHOD

PROPERTIES OF EACH ACTIVATD CARBON

TREATMENT PERFORMANCE

COLUMN FLOW TESTS (DYMAMIC TESTING)

TURBIDITY AND WASHING

REGENERATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON

EVALUATION AS BIOLOGICAL ACTIVATED CARBON AMMONIA NITROGEN IN SIMULATION WATER

ABUNDANCE OF AMMONIA-OXIDIZING ARCHAEA AND BACTERIA

DIVERSITYIS OF AOA AOMA GENES

CALCULATION OF CO2 EMISSION AT MANUFACTUING

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

61 Development of biological roughing filter as an alternative to coagulation-sedimentation process

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND CONDITIONS

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

62 The environmentally-friendly effects of biotreatments in Osaka Water Supply Authority

INTRODUCTION

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

63 Biofilm development in upflow gravel filters in layers with a fabric cover

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

64 Up-flow biological contact filter for advanced water treatment system

INTRODUCTION

WATER TREATMENT PERFORMANCE

ECONOMIC ASPECTS

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

65 pH conditioning using limestone with upflow gravel filters

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

66 Upward biological contact filtration (U-BCF) in Vietnam

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND

ADVANCED TREATMENT TRANSFERRED

BEGINNING OF TECHNICAL COOPERATION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEDGMENTS

REFFERENCES

67 Biofiltration of pig manure: behavior of nitrogen compounds

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

68 Exploring sand and bentonite - enhanced sand as filter media for nitrate removal

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Part IX River Bank Filtration and Groundwater Recharge

69 Reduction of the formation potentials of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) in reclaimed water by soil aquifer treatment

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

70 Removals of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in reclaimed water during soil aquifer treatment with different soil types, hydraulic retention time, and saturated condition

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

71 Behavior of trace organic contaminants in soil aquifer treatment (SAT) process for reuse of secondary sewage effluent

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Author Index

Keyword Index