The Combined Sharon/Anammox Process ( Water and Wastewater Practitioner Series )

Publication series ：Water and Wastewater Practitioner Series

Author： L. G. J. M. van Dongen  

Publisher： IWA Publishing‎

Publication year： 2001

E-ISBN: 9781780402178

Subject： X703 Wastewater treatment and reuse

Keyword： 工业技术

Language： ENG

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The Combined Sharon/Anammox Process

Description

Wastewater treatment management, alongside many other industries, is seeking to attain a higher degree of sustainability for its processes by focusing on new technologies which minimise the consumption of resources or even recover them from the wastewater. Conventional removal of ammonium requires usually large amounts of energy for aeration and organic carbon for denitrification. This report focuses on making the nitrogen-removal process more sustainable. This can be achieved by a partial oxidation of ammonium to nitrite, after which the nitrate produced can be converted into nitrogen gas with the rest of ammonium under anoxic conditions. The treatment of nitrogen-rich water can be carried out beneficially by a combination of the Sharon process with the Anammox process. In this combined process less than 50% of the aeration energy is needed, no COD is required and an insignificant amount of sludge is produced. In this Report the potential of using this technology for the treatment of water arising from sludge treatment at a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is evaluated and the results of the operation of the system are described in detail. This reject water contains a significant fraction of the N-load towards the wastewater treatment plant. The results are used in an economic evaluation of a potential full scale installation. The Combined Sharon/Anammox Process Report will provide an invaluable source of information for all those concerned with the efficient and

Chapter

Contents

Preface

Overview

1 Introduction and background

2 Process description

2.1 The Sharon process

2.1.1 Temperature

2.1.2 pH

2.2 The Anammox process

2.2.1 Reactor performance (design/construction)

2.3 Combined Sharon/Anammox

3 Process performance

3.1 The Sharon process

3.1.1 Experimental set-up

3.1.2 Process conditions in the Sharon reactor

3.1.3 Analysis and experiments

3.2 The Anammox process

3.2.1 Experimental set-up

3.2.2 Process conditions

3.2.3 Analysis and experiments

3.3 Combined Sharon/Anammox process

3.3.1 Process conditions

3.3.2 Analysis

4 Results and discussion

4.1 The Sharon process

4.1.1 Conversions in the Sharon process

4.1.2 pH and conversion rates

4.1.3 Maximum conversion rates and affinity constants

4.1.4 Bicarbonate content

4.1.5 Sludge characterisation

4.1.6 Influence of anaerobic conditions on ammonium oxidisers

4.1.7 Protozoa

4.2 Start-up of the Anammox reactors

4.2.1 Enrichment of Anammox biomass with synthetic wastewater

4.2.2 The Anammox reactor during stable operation

4.3 Combined Sharon/Anammox

4.3.1 Enrichment of Anammox biomass with effluent from the Sharon reactor

4.3.2 Conversion(s) in a combined Sharon/Anammox system

4.4 Characteristics of the Anammox system

4.4.1 Maximal activity

4.4.2 Tests with hydroxylamine

4.4.3 Sludge characterisation using FISH analysis

4.4.4 Nitrifiers in Anammox

4.5 Evaluation of the experimental programme

5 Process design and economic feasibility

5.1 General performance

5.1.1 Start-up

5.1.2 General process control and warning system

5.1.3 Process disturbances

5.2 Choice of reactor

5.3 Design

5.3.1 Calculations

5.4 Economic evaluation

5.4.1 Assumptions

5.4.2 Estimate of costs

6 Conclusions and recommendations

Bibliography

Appendix A: Growth tests with protozoa

Appendix B: Assumptions for cost estimate

Index

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