Front Cover

Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology: Chromatin Remodelling and Immunity

Copyright

Contents

Contributors

Preface

Reference

Chapter One: Chromatin Remodeling in Monocyte and Macrophage Activation

1. Introduction

2. The Multidimensional Model of Monocyte and Macrophage Activation

3. Epigenetics of Tissue Macrophages in Homeostasis

4. Epigenetic Regulation During Stress Signal-Induced Activation

5. Evidence for Epigenetic Regulation During Trained Immunity and Tolerance

6. Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter Two: Roles of SMC Complexes During T Lymphocyte Development and Function

1. Overview of Chromatin Dynamics During T Cell Development and Activation

2. Epigenetic Phenomena in T Cell Development and Function

3. Structure of SMC Complexes

4. Classical Functions of SMC Complexes

5. Involvement of SMC Complexes in T Cell Development

6. Roles of SMC Complexes in Peripheral T Cell Biology

7. Regulation of Gene Expression in T Cells by SMC Complexes

8. Regulation of SMC Complexes

9. Conclusions and Outlook

References

Chapter Three: The Role of Epigenetic Regulation in Transcriptional Memory in the Immune System

1. Introduction

2. Chromatin Structure and Function

2.1. Chromatin Organization

2.2. Mechanisms for Altering Chromatin Structure and Function

2.2.1. DNA Methylation

2.2.2. Histone Modifications

2.2.3. Histone Variants

2.2.4. Chromatin-Remodeling Machinery

3. Epigenetic Mechanisms as a Basis for Cellular Memory

3.1. A Word About Epigenetics

3.2. Establishing the Epigenetic Landscape

3.3. Perpetuating Epigenetic Signatures to Maintain Cellular Identity

4. Epigenetic Mechanisms as a Basis for Transcriptional Memory

4.1. Transcriptional Memory in the Adaptive Immune Response

4.2. Transcriptional Memory in the Innate Immune System and Beyond

5. Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter Four: Histone Acetylation and the Regulation of Major Histocompatibility Class II Gene Expression

1. Introduction

1.1. Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Molecules

1.2. Human HLA Class II Locus

1.3. Histone Tail Modification: A Key to "Open" Chromatin

1.4. Proximal Promoters of MHC Class II Genes

2. Histone Acetylation Correlates with Active MHC Class II Transcription

3. Interplay Between CIITA Chromatin Remodeling Factors

3.1. CIITA Associates with HAT Coactivators

3.2. CIITA Associates with HDACs

3.3. CIITA Associates with 19S Proteasomal ATPases

3.4. CIITA Associates with SWI/SNF Chromatin Remodeling Protein

4. Regulation of MHC Class II Gene Expression by Long-Range Chromatin Remodeling

4.1. Distal S-Y Modules

4.2. Distal X Box-Like Sequences

4.3. XL9 Insulator Element

4.4. CTCF-Binding Sites

4.5. CIITA Self-Association

5. Epigenetic Regulation of CIITA Expression

5.1. CIITA-PIV

5.2. CIITA-PIII

5.3. CIITA-PI

6. Epigenetic Immune Escape by Mycobacterial Infection

7. Tumor Immunosurveillance Escape and Antitumor Therapy with HDAC Inhibitors

8. Conclusion

References

Chapter Five: Mechanisms of Chromatin Remodeling and Repurposing During Extracellular Translocation

1. Introduction

2. Chromatin Translocation In Vitro

3. Release of Microparticles

4. In Vitro Systems for Chromatin Translocation

5. In Vivo Systems for Chromatin Translocation

6. Immune Activities of Chromatin Components

7. Remodeled Chromatin as a Biomarker

8. Remodeled Chromatin as a Target of Therapy

9. Conclusion

References

Chapter Six: Epigenetic Changes in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

1. Introduction

2. Epigenetic Processes

2.1. DNA Methylation

2.2. Histone Modifications

2.3. Noncoding RNAs

2.4. Methods of Analysis

3. Epigenetic Modification Influence Mediators of Inflammation

3.1. Immune Cells

3.1.1. Monocytes-Macrophages

3.1.2. T Cells

3.1.3. B Cells

3.1.4. NK Cells

3.2. Resident and Target Cells

4. Epigenetics in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

4.1. Inflammatory Bowel Disease

4.2. Spondyloarthritis

4.3. Psoriasis

4.4. Epigenetic Studies in Other Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

5. Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter Seven: Regulation of Cellular Immune Responses in Sepsis by Histone Modifications

1. Introduction

2. Histone Modifications: Potent Tools for Epigenetic Control

3. Histone Modifications and Postseptic Innate Immune Responses

4. Histone Modifications and Postseptic Adaptive Immune Responses

5. Conclusions and Future Perspectives

6. Summary

References

Chapter Eight: A New Molecular Mechanism Underlying the Antitumor Effect of DNA Methylation Inhibitors via an Antiviral I ...

1. Introduction

2. Chromatin Remodeling Mediated by DNA Methylation and Histone Modification

3. Activation of Tumor-Suppressor miRNAs by Chromatin-Modifying Drugs in Cancer Cells

4. Induction of Immune Response by Chromatin-Modifying Drugs in Cancer Cells

5. Activation of ERVs by Chromatin Remodeling

6. Inhibition of DNA Methylation Suppresses Cancer Cells by Inducing an Antiviral Immune Response

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter Nine: Chromatin Remodeling and Plant Immunity

1. Introduction

2. Snf2 Proteins and ATP-Dependent Chromatin Remodeling

3. Classification, Subunit Composition, and Functions of Plant Snf2 Proteins

4. Snf2 Proteins Involved in Plant Immunity

4.1. Brahma and Splayed

4.2. Decrease in DNA Methylation 1

4.3. Photoperiod-Independent Early Flowering 1

4.4. BIT-Responsive Histone-Interacting SNF2 ATPase 1

5. Concluding Remarks

References

Author Index

Subject Index

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