Advances in Marine Biology ( Volume 76 )

Publication series :Volume 76

Author: Curry   Barbara E.  

Publisher: Elsevier Science‎

Publication year: 2017

E-ISBN: 9780128124024

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780128124017

Subject: Q178.53 marine organisms

Keyword: 动物学,海洋生物学,海洋生物,普通生物学,环境科学、安全科学,生态学(生物生态学),水产、渔业

Language: ENG

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Description

Advances in Marine Biology, Volume 76, the latest release in a series that has been providing in-depth and up-to-date reviews on all aspects of marine biology since 1963 is well known for its contents and editing. This latest addition to the series includes updates on many topics that will appeal to postgraduates and researchers in marine biology, fisheries science, ecology, zoology, and biological oceanography.

Specialty areas for the series include marine science, both applied and basic, a wide range of topical areas from all areas of marine ecology, oceanography, fisheries management, and molecular biology, and the full range of geographic areas from polar seas to tropical coral reefs.

  • Reviews articles on the latest advances in marine biology
  • Authored by leading figures in their respective fields of study
  • Presents materials that are widely used by managers, students, and academic professionals in the marine sciences
  • Provides value to anyone studying bottlenose dolphins, deep-sea macrofauna, marine invertebrates, pinna nobilis, and ecology, amongst other study areas

Chapter

Preface

Chapter One: Islands in a Sea of Mud: Insights From Terrestrial Island Theory for Community Assembly on Insular Marine Su ...

1. Island Biogeography as a Framework

1.1. Species-Area Relationship and Island Size

1.2. Degree of Isolation

1.3. Incidence Functions

1.4. Nestedness

1.5. Nonrandom Co-occurrence

2. Subtidal and Deep-Sea Habitats as Islands

3. Patterns on Subtidal Islands

3.1. Species-Area Relationship and Island Size

3.2. Degree of Isolation

3.3. Incidence Functions

3.4. Nestedness

3.5. Nonrandom Co-occurrence

4. Processes Underlying These Patterns

4.1. Larval Dispersal

4.2. Succession

4.3. Competition and Facilitation

5. A Direction Forward

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter Two: Patterns and Drivers of Egg Pigment Intensity and Colour Diversity in the Ocean: A Meta-Analysis of Phylum E ...

1. Introduction

2. Study of Egg Metrics, and Biotic and Abiotic Factors

2.1. Dataset Collection

2.2. Standardization of Variables for Colour Assessment

2.3. Hypotheses and Data Analysis

3. Drivers of Egg Pigmentation Intensity and Diversity

3.1. Overall Patterns of Egg Colour Relative to Development Site

3.2. Ocean Basin, Development Mode, Egg, and Adult Size

3.3. Buoyancy

3.4. Taxonomic Class

4. Discussion

4.1. Development Site Explains Pigment Intensity But Not Colour Diversity

4.2. Why Green? The Link Between Ocean Basin and Phylogenetic Patterns of Egg Colour

4.3. Why Red and Yellow? A North Atlantic Study of Crypsis

4.4. Egg Colours in the Ocean and Beyond

5. Future Directions

6. Summary and Conclusions

Acknowledgements

Appendices

References

Chapter Three: Biological Conservation of Giant Limpets: The Implications of Large Size

1. Introduction

2. Gigantism in Limpets

3. Distribution

3.1. Geographic Range

3.2. Preferred Substrate

3.3. Intertidal Distribution/Exposure to Wave Action

4. Life History Traits

4.1. Density

4.2. Size

4.3. Growth Rates

4.4. Longevity

5. Reproduction

5.1. Size of Sexual Maturation

5.2. Spawning

5.3. Reproduction Strategy/Size at Sex Change

5.4. Sex Ratio

6. Behaviour

6.1. Diet

6.2. Homing/Algal Gardener

6.3. Territorialism/Aggressive Behaviour

6.4. Adult/Juvenile Segregation

6.5. Migration

7. Threats

7.1. Collection

7.2. Pollution

7.3. Artificial Substrates and Habitat Fragmentation

8. Conservation Recommendations

8.1. In Situ Conservation: Marine Protected Areas

8.2. Ex Situ Conservation

8.2.1. Captive Breeding

8.2.2. Transplantation

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter Four: Advances in Biochemical Indices of Zooplankton Production

1. Introduction

1.1. Definition of Zooplankton Production

1.2. Biomass or Standing Stock

1.2.1. Biomass Assessments Associated With Biochemical Indices

1.3. Growth Rate

1.3.1. Traditional Growth Estimation Methods

2. Biochemical Methods for Zooplankton Production

2.1. Nucleic Acid Indices

2.1.1. Quantification of Nucleic Acids in Zooplankton

2.1.2. Application of Nucleic Acid Indices to Zooplankton

2.1.3. Advances in Nucleic Acid Indices Application in the Field

2.1.4. Advantages and Limitations of In Situ Application of Nucleic Acid Indices

2.1.4.1. Advantages

2.1.4.1.1. Simple and Rapid Procedures

2.1.4.1.2. Broadly Applicable Across Taxonomic Groups

2.1.4.1.3. Requires no Incubation

2.1.4.2. Limitations

2.1.4.2.1. Uncertainty of the Theoretical Assumptions

2.1.4.2.2. No Universal Equation or Factor

2.1.4.2.3. Factors Affecting the Relationship Between Nucleic Acid Content and Growth

2.2. Enzymatic Methods

2.3. Chitobiase Activity

2.3.1. Crustacean Moult Cycle and Chitin Metabolism

2.3.2. Chitin Metabolism and Weight-Specific Growth and Moulting Rates

2.3.3. Variation of Liberated Chitobiase Activity With Body Size and Estimates of Developmental Rates

2.3.4. Liberated Chitobiase Activity and BPRs

2.3.5. Assumptions and Potential Sources of Error

2.3.6. Method Validation and Measurement Calibration

2.3.7. Application to the Natural Environment

2.3.8. Advantages and Limitations of Chitobiase-Based Estimates of Productivity

2.3.8.1. Advantages

2.3.8.1.1. Community-Level Estimate

2.3.8.1.2. Broadly Applicable Across Environmental Conditions

2.3.8.1.3. Routinely Applicable at High Spatio-temporal Resolution

2.3.8.1.4. Relatively Quick and Sensitive Analytical Procedure

2.3.8.2. Limitations

2.3.8.2.1. Applicable Only to Crustacean Zooplankton

2.3.8.2.2. Not Applicable to Single Populations in the Field

2.3.8.2.3. Growth Increment Assumptions

2.4. AARS Activity

2.4.1. Protein Synthesis Rate and AARS Activity

2.4.2. Potential Sources of Mismatch Between Growth and Protein Synthesis Rates

2.4.2.1. Moult

2.4.2.2. Severe Starvation

2.4.3. Validation of the AARS Method Through Calibration With the Direct Measurement of Growth

2.4.4. Application to Natural Communities

2.4.5. Activation Energy of the Enzymes

2.4.6. Use of the AARS Method as a Proxy for Other Metabolic Processes

2.4.7. Advantages and Limitations of the AARS Method

2.4.7.1. Advantages

2.4.7.1.1. Simple, Quick and Non-radioactive Assay

2.4.7.1.2. In Situ Approach to Growth Rate Assessment

2.4.7.1.3. Broadly Applicable Across Taxonomic Groups

2.4.7.1.4. Compatible With Other Biochemical Measurements

2.4.7.2. Limitations

2.4.7.2.1. Requires Calibration

2.4.7.2.2. Different Sources of PPi

2.4.7.2.3. Activation Energy of the Enzymes

3. Summary

Acknowledgements

Appendix. Biochemical Protocols

A.1. Nucleic Acid Ratio Method

A.1.1. Reagents

A.1.2. Sample Preparation and Preservation

A.1.3. Biochemical Assay

A.1.4. Calculations

A.2. Chitobiase Method

A.2.1. Materials and Reagents

A.2.2. Sample Collection, Incubation and Short-Term Preservation

A.2.3. Chitobiase Assay

A.2.4. Calculations

A.3. AARS Method

A.3.1. Reagents

A.3.2. Sample Preparation and Preservation

A.3.3. Biochemical Assay

A.3.4. Calculations

References

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