Front Cover

Soil Mapping and Process Modeling for Sustainable Land Use Management

Copyright Page

Contents

List of Contributors

Preface

I. Theory

1 Historical Perspectives on Soil Mapping and Process Modeling for Sustainable Land Use Management

Introduction

Brief Review of Developments Prior to the 20th Century

Developments in the 20th Century

National Soil Mapping Programs

Models in Support of Soil Mapping and Land Use Management

Recognizing Erosion as a Problem

Erosion Modeling

Concept of Soil Quality/Health

Global Positioning Systems and Geographic Information Systems

Remote and Proximal Sensing

Spatial Statistics and Other Numerical Techniques

Concluding Comments

Acknowledgements

References

2 Soil Mapping and Processes Modeling for Sustainable Land Management

Introduction

Soil and Sustainable Development Interdependence

Sustainable Land Management and Soil Maps

Definition and Principles

Sustainable Land Management Need: The Water Question

Sustainable Land Management Practices and Indicators

Sustainable Land Management Monitoring and Assessment

Soil Spatial Analysis, Mapping, and Sustainable Land Management

Soil Models Contribution to Sustainable Land Management

Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgements

References

3 Goal Oriented Soil Mapping: Applying Modern Methods Supported by Local Knowledge

Introduction

Recent Methods used for Soil Mapping

Remote and Proximal Sensing

Traditional and Spatial Statistics

Traditional Perceptions and Know-How About Soil: Ethnopedology

Soil Classification

Soil and Land Degradation

Soil Quality

Integration of Scientific and Local Knowledge for Sustainable Land Management

Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgments

References

Further Reading

II. Instrumentation and Sensors used for gaining Information on Soil Related Parameters

4 Optical Remote Sensing for Soil Mapping and Monitoring

Introduction

From Laboratory to Image Data

Laboratory Spectroscopy

Field Spectroscopy

Imaging Spectroscopy

Soil Properties Mapping by Means of Imaging Spectroscopy

Methodologies for the Retrieval of Soil Properties Based on Imaging Spectroscopy Data

Hyperspectral Soil Mapper Software Interface for Operational Soil Properties Mapping

Example of Soil Properties Mapping Applications at Airborne Scale

Global Soil Mapping and Monitoring with Imaging Spectroscopy Data: Potential and Challenges

Soil Erosion Mapping

Soil Erosion Stages Within a Rainfed Cultivated Area of Central Spain

Mapping Land Degradation with Ecohydrological Remote Sensing Indicators

Disentangling Natural Ecosystem Variability and Disturbance

Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture and Evapotranspiration

Example of Evapotranspiration Ratios Detecting Land Degradation Risk in Drylands

Biocrust Mapping

Biocrust Spectral Traits

Biocrust Mapping Methods

Multispectral Indices to Map Biocrust

Hyperspectral Indices to Map Biocrusts

Biocrust Surface Cover Quantification

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Further Reading

5 Geographic Information Systems and Spatial Statistics Applied for Soil Mapping: A Contribution to Land Use Management

Introduction

Spatial Prediction Required for Soil Mapping

Sampling Design

Spatial Association

Data Mining

Deployment

Example of a Spatial Association Approach for Soil Mapping

Spatial Autocorrelation

Deterministic Spatial Interpolation

Geostatistics

Example of a Spatial Autocorrelation Approach for Soil Mapping

Hybrid Approaches

Example of a Hybrid Approach for Soil Mapping

Conclusions

References

Further Reading

6 Soil Mapping and Processes Models for Sustainable Land Management Applied to Modern Challenges

Introduction

Climate Change Impacts and Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies

Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation

Climate Change Mitigation

Sustainable Agricultural Production

Food Security

Soil Quality/Health

Human Health

Soils, Society, and Economics

Land Degradation and Restoration

Fire

Soil Erosion

Soil Compaction

Concluding Remarks

References

Further Reading

III. Case Studies and Guidelines

7 Modeling Agricultural Suitability Along Soil Transects Under Current Conditions and Improved Scenario of Soil Factors

Introduction

Objectives

Land and Soil Evaluation

MicroLEIS

Mediterranean Region

Materials and Methods

Location of the Study Area

Elevation Data

Analysis of Soil Transects

Climate Information

Crop Suitability: Almagra Model

Results and Discussions

Major Soil Factors Considered in Soil and Land Evaluation

Soil pH

Carbonate Content

Salinity and Exchangeable Sodium Percentage

Soil Texture

Drainage

Soil Depth

Organic Matter

Crop Suitability

Soil Suitability Under Current Situation

Soil Suitability Improved Scenario

Conclusion

References

8 Soil and Land Use in the Alps—Challenges and Examples of Soil-Survey and Soil-Data Use to Support Sustainable Developmen ...

Introduction

The Alps and Their Soils

Land Use and Land-Use Changes in the Alps

A Conceptual Framework of Soil–Society Relations

Case Study Overview

Soils and Land Use in the Alps

Traditional Land-Use Types and Related Long-Term Impacts on Soils

Former and Recent Land-Use Changes on a Valley Floor (Inn Valley, Austria)

Geomorphic Structure and Land Use in an Inner-Alpine Dry Region (Etsch Valley, Italy)

Soil Degradation and Reforestation on the Slopes of an Inner-Alpine Dry Region (Etsch Valley, Italy)

The Effect of Land-Use Changes on Soil Properties (Aosta Valley, Italy)

Soil Diversity and Dynamics at Forest and Pasture Sites (Pokljuka Plateau, Slovenia)

Soil Pattern and Grazing Impacts at High Elevations (Zugspitz Region, Germany)

Summary of Soils and Land Use in the Alps

Mapping and Modeling Soils in the Alps

Methods, Status, and Relevance

The Potential of Soil Overview Maps (Bavaria, Germany)

The Concept of a Digital, Layer-Structured Soil Information System (South Tyrol, Italy)

Improving Soil Maps to Assist the Land-Use Planning Needs of a Local Community (Braslovče, Slovenia)

Soil Properties and Water Management (South Tyrol, Italy)

Mapping Land Suitability to Mountain Viticulture (Aosta Valley, Italy)

Considering Soil Characteristics in the Designation of Protection Forests (Tyrol, Austria)

Modeling Soil Carbon Stocks in Forests (Switzerland)

Mapping Susceptibility to Snow Gliding in the Monterosa Ski Resort (Aosta Valley, Italy)

Sustainable Land Use in Construction Projects (Switzerland)

Conclusions and Outlook

Acknowledgments

References

9 Compilation of Functional Soil Maps for the Support of Spatial Planning and Land Management in Hungary

Introduction

Mapping Soil Features Beyond Primary Properties

Variations for the Application of Digital Soil Map Products in Spatial Planning and Land Management

Application of Digital Soil Property Maps in Conventional Models

Application of Digital Soil Property Maps in Process Models

The Applied 4M Crop Model

Spatial Prediction of Soil Productivity

Beyond Soil Productivity Assessment

Elaboration of Target-Specific Digital Soil Maps

Soil Data

Auxiliary Data

Spatial Inference

Compilation of the Criterion Maps

Further Processing of the Elaborated Maps to Support Agricultural Policy

Discussion

Acknowledgements

References

10 Mapping Ash CaCO3, pH, and Extractable Elements Using Principal Component Analysis

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Study Area, Experimental Design, and Sampling Methods

Statistical and Spatial Analysis

Results and Discussion

Descriptive Statistics

Correlations and Principal Component Analysis

Spatial Structure Analysis

Factor Maps and Interpolation Performance Analysis

Implications for Sustainable Management of Fire-Affected Areas

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

11 Human-Impacted Catenas in North-Central Iowa, United States: Ramifications for Soil Mapping

Catenas and Soil Mapping

Iowa Catenas: The Des Moines Lobe

Clarion-Nicollet-Webster Catena

Historic Catena Research

Agricultural Land Use: Agent of Soil Change

Subsurface Drainage

Erosion and Sedimentation

Soil Organic Carbon

Soil Amendments

Soil Taxonomy

Case Study: Modern Catenas on the Des Moines Lobe

Materials and Methods

Results and Discussion

Soil pH

Thickness of Mollic Colors

Soil Organic Carbon

Geometric Mean

Bulk Density

Ramifications for Soil Mapping

Conclusions

References

12 Mapping Soil Vulnerability to Floods Under Varying Land Use and Climate

Introduction

Material and Methods

Site Description

In Situ Field Rainfall Simulations

Principle of the Extrapolation of Runoff Process

Results and Discussions

Conclusions

References

Further Reading

Index

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