Reliability Based Aircraft Maintenance Optimization and Applications ( Aerospace Engineering )

Publication series :Aerospace Engineering

Author: Ren   He;Chen   Xi;Chen   Yong  

Publisher: Elsevier Science‎

Publication year: 2017

E-ISBN: 9780128126691

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780128126684

Subject: V267 Maintenance and repair of aircraft

Keyword: 机械、仪表工业,一般工业技术

Language: ENG

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Description

Reliability Based Aircraft Maintenance Optimization and Applications presents flexible and cost-effective maintenance schedules for aircraft structures, particular in composite airframes. By applying an intelligent rating system, and the back-propagation network (BPN) method and FTA technique, a new approach was created to assist users in determining inspection intervals for new aircraft structures, especially in composite structures.

This book also discusses the influence of Structure Health Monitoring (SHM) on scheduled maintenance. An integrated logic diagram establishes how to incorporate SHM into the current MSG-3 structural analysis that is based on four maintenance scenarios with gradual increasing maturity levels of SHM. The inspection intervals and the repair thresholds are adjusted according to different combinations of SHM tasks and scheduled maintenance.

This book provides a practical means for aircraft manufacturers and operators to consider the feasibility of SHM by examining labor work reduction, structural reliability variation, and maintenance cost savings.

  • Presents the first resource available on airframe maintenance optimization
  • Includes the most advanced methods and technologies of maintenance engineering analysis, including first application of composite structure maintenance engineering analysis integrated with SHM
  • Provides the latest research results of composite structure maintenance and health monit

Chapter

List of Figures

List of Tables

About the Authors

Preface

Abbreviations

Abstract

Chapter 1 - Introduction

1.1 - Challenges of modern developing commercial aircraft

1.2 - Evolution of aircraft maintenance process

1.3 - Aircraft composite structures

1.4 - Reliability-centered maintenance

1.4.1 - Reliability Design

1.4.2 - Reliability-Centered Maintenance

1.5 - MSG-3 structural analysis

1.6 - A380 maintenance programs

1.7 - Summary

Chapter 2 - Basic Concepts

2.1 - Accident

2.1.1 - Accident in Aviation

2.1.2 - Accident Category in Aviation

2.2 - Near misses

2.3 - Risk

2.4 - Safety

2.5 - Reliability

2.6 - Risk management

2.7 - Incident

2.8 - Airworthiness

2.9 - Quality

2.10 - Airworthiness

2.11 - Availability

2.12 - Aircraft maintenance

2.13 - Sources and types of failure in aircraft

2.13.1 - Mechanisms of Failure

2.13.2 - Causes of Failure

2.13.3 - Sources of Failure

2.14 - Maintenance system and tasks

2.14.1 - Servicing

2.15 - Component servicing

2.16 - Overhaul

2.17 - Bay servicing

2.17.1 - Repair

2.17.2 - Modification

2.18 - Replacement/throwaway

2.19 - Functional testing

2.20 - Calibration

2.21 - Nondestructive evaluation

2.22 - Avionics maintenance

2.23 - Software maintenance

2.24 - Interdependence of operations and maintenance

2.24.1 - Factors Affecting the Airline’s Maintenance System

2.24.1.1 - Seasonal Traffic Trends

2.24.1.2 - Geography of the Operation

2.24.1.3 - Location and Size of Maintenance Establishments

2.24.1.4 - Size and Composition of the Airline Fleet

2.24.1.5 - Aircraft Utilization

2.24.1.6 - Weather

2.24.1.7 - Availability of Subcontracting for Servicing and Maintenance

2.24.1.8 - Competitors’ Operations

2.24.1.9 - Availability of Staff

2.24.2 - Factors Affecting the Military Maintenance System

Chapter 3 - Aircraft Reliability and Maintainability Analysis and Design

3.1 - Reliability fundamental mathematics

3.1.1 - Density Function

3.1.2 - Failure Probability Function

3.1.3 - Failure Rate

3.1.4 - Reliability Function

3.1.5 - Bathtub Curve

3.1.6 - MTTF

3.2 - Some common failure distributions

3.2.1 - Exponential Distribution

3.2.2 - Weibull Distribution

3.2.3 - Normal Distribution

3.2.4 - Lognormal Distribution

3.2.5 - Summary of Often Used Distributions

3.3 - Binary system reliability models

3.3.1 - Series System

3.3.2 - Parallel System

3.3.3 - Standby Redundancy System

3.4 - Mechanical reliability—Stress–strength interference model

3.4.1 - Introduction of Theory

3.4.2 - Analytical Results

3.4.3 - Example

3.5 - Fuzzy reliability theory

3.5.1 - Irrationality of Conventional Reliability Theory

3.5.2 - Fuzzy Reliability Basic Theories

3.5.3 - Fuzzy Reliability

3.5.4 - Fuzzy Failure Rate

3.5.5 - Fuzzy MTBF

3.6 - Hardware reliability

3.6.1 - Failure Mechanisms and Damage Models

3.6.2 - Incorrect Mechanical Performance

3.6.3 - Incorrect Thermal Performance

3.6.4 - Incorrect Electrical Performance

3.6.5 - Electromagnetic Interference

3.6.6 - Particle Radiation

3.6.7 - Yield

3.6.8 - Buckling

3.6.9 - Fracture

3.6.10 - Interfacial Deadhesion

3.6.11 - Fatigue

3.6.12 - Creep

3.6.13 - Wear

3.6.14 - Aging Due to Interdiffusion

3.6.15 - Aging Due to Particle Radiation

3.6.16 - Other Forms of Aging

3.6.17 - Corrosion

3.6.18 - Metal Migration

3.7 - Maintainability analysis and design

3.7.1 - Definitions Used in Maintainability Engineering

3.7.2 - Measurements

3.7.3 - Maintainability Function

3.7.4 - Often Used Maintainability Distributions

3.7.5 - Availability Models

3.7.6 - Effectiveness Models

3.8 - Specification of Maintainability

3.8.1 - Quantitative Maintainability Clauses

3.8.2 - Qualitative Maintainability Requirements

3.8.3 - Choice of a Maintainability Characteristic

3.9 - Assessment and prediction of maintainability

3.9.1 - Maintainability Prediction

3.9.2 - Prediction Advantages

3.9.3 - Techniques

3.9.4 - Basic Assumptions and Interpretations

3.9.5 - Elements of Maintainability Prediction Techniques

3.10 - Maintainability design: The affected factors

3.11 - Maintainability design: Criteria

3.12 - Maintainability design: Allocation

3.13 - Maintainability design—limiting clearance

3.14 - Maintainability design—accessibility

3.15 - Maintainability design—packaging

3.16 - Maintainability design—standardization and interchange ability

3.17 - Maintainability design—installation-components arrangement

3.18 - Maintainability design—general criteria

3.19 - Maintainability demonstration and testing

3.19.1 - Maintainability Testing Program

3.19.2 - Maintainability Demonstration

3.19.3 - Test Conditions

3.19.4 - Maintenance Task Selection

3.20 - Maintainability and reliability program activities during the phases of a project

3.20.1 - Definition Phase

3.20.2 - Design and Development (Including Initial Manufacture)

3.20.3 - Production

3.20.4 - Installation and Commissioning

3.20.5 - Operation-Usage and Maintenance

3.21 - Maintainability management

3.21.1 - Responsibilities Interface of Maintainability and Maintenance

3.21.2 - Maintainability Analysis

3.21.3 - Maintainability Design

3.21.4 - Maintainability Administration

Chapter 4 - RCM and Integrated Logistic Support

4.1 - Introduction

4.2 - Maintenance analysis procedures

4.2.1 - The MSG Series Procedures

4.2.2 - Reliability-Centered Maintenance

4.2.3 - MSG-3 Logic

4.2.4 - Structures

4.2.5 - Fatigue Damage

4.2.6 - Environmental Deterioration

4.2.7 - Accidental Damage

4.2.8 - Systems and Power Plants

4.2.9 - Setting Task Frequencies/Intervals

4.3 - Statistical reliability assessment

4.4 - Logistic support analysis

4.4.1 - LSA Tasks

4.4.2 - Failure Mode Effect Analysis

4.5 - Fault tree analysis

4.5.1 - Qualitative Analysis of a Fault Tree

4.5.2 - Quantitative Analysis of a Fault Tree

4.6 - Level of repair analysis

4.7 - Logistic support analysis record

4.8 - LSA models

4.9 - Elements of ILS

4.10 - Support equipment

4.11 - Facilities

4.12 - Data

Chapter 5 - Intelligent Structural Rating System Based on Back-Propagation Network

5.1 - Introduction

5.2 - Artificial neural network

5.2.1 - Basic Theory

5.2.2 - Back-Propagation Network

5.3 - Design BPN for AD

5.3.1 - BPN Configuration

5.3.2 - Case Study

5.4 - Discussion

5.4.1 - Selection of Number of Nodes in Hidden Layers and Parameter Ratio

5.4.2 - Selection of Training Algorithms

5.5 - Conclusions

Chapter 6 - Fault Tree Analysis for Composite Structural Damage

6.1 - Introduction

6.2 - Basic principles of fault tree analysis

6.2.1 - Elements of FTA

6.2.2 - Boolean Algebra Theorems

6.3 - FTA for composite damage

6.4 - Qualitative analysis

6.4.1 - Minimal Cut Sets

6.4.2 - Structure Importance Analysis

6.4.3 - Probability Importance Analysis

6.4.4 - Relative Probability Importance Analysis

6.5 - Quantitative analysis

6.6 - Discussion

6.7 - Potential solutions

6.7.1 - Material Design

6.7.2 - Fabrication Process

6.7.3 - Personnel Training

6.7.4 - Surface Protection

6.7.5 - Damage Evaluation and Life Prediction

6.8 - Conclusions

Chapter 7 - Inspection Interval Optimization for Aircraft Composite Structures Considering Dent Damage

7.1 - Introduction

7.2 - Damage tolerance philosophy of composite structures

7.2.1 - Properties of Aircraft Composite Structures

7.2.2 - Maintenance Model of Composite Structures

7.3 - Damage characterization

7.3.1 - Data Statistics and Category

7.3.2 - Damage Size Distribution

7.3.3 - Probability of Detection (POD)

7.4 - Probabilistic method

7.4.1 - Reliability Formulation

7.4.2 - Monte Carlo Simulation

7.5 - Case study

7.5.1 - Average Damages Per Life Cycle (Nd)

7.5.2 - Load Cases

7.5.3 - Damage Size and Occurrence Time

7.5.4 - Inspection Efficiency

7.5.5 - Residual Strength Reduction and Recovery

7.5.6 - Other Assumptions and Definitions to Facilitate the Simulation

7.6 - Simulation results and discussion

7.7 - Conclusions

Chapter 8 - Repair Tolerance for Composite Structures Using Probabilistic Methodologies

8.1 - Introduction

8.2 - Repair tolerance

8.3 - Probabilistic method

8.4 - Case study

8.4.1 - Load Case

8.4.2 - Average Damage Per Life Cycle (Nd)

8.4.3 - Damage Size Distribution

8.4.4 - Probability of Detection (POD)

8.4.5 - Inspection Schedule

8.4.6 - Residual Strength Reduction and Recovery

8.4.7 - Repair Policy

8.4.8 - Factor of Safety

8.4.9 - Probability of Failure (POF)

8.4.10 - Maintenance Cost

8.5 - Results and discussion

8.6 - Conclusions

Chapter 9 - Structural Health Monitoring and Influence on Current Maintenance

9.1 - Structural health monitoring technology

9.2 - SHM applications in aircraft

9.3 - Influence of SHM on current maintenance

9.4 - Integration of SHM with MSG-3 analysis

A - Scheduled Maintenance

B - Scheduled SHM

C - Scheduled CBM

D - CBM

9.5 - Conclusions

Chapter 10 - Maintenance Control and Management Optimization

10.1 - Introduction

10.2 - Qualifications of aircraft maintenance personnel

10.2.1 - Educational Structure and Background

10.2.2 - International Requirements

10.2.3 - Australian Civil Aviation Requirements

10.2.4 - RAAF Requirements

10.3 - Specific aircraft type training

10.4 - Occupational health and safety

10.4.1 - Introduction to Accident Control

10.4.2 - Hazard Identification

10.5 - Organization for maintenance control

10.6 - System of control

10.7 - Aircraft tail number maintenance planning

10.8 - Certification of work done

10.9 - Maintenance forms

10.10 - Services

10.11 - Maintenance schedules

10.12 - Maintenance planning

10.13 - Reference data definitions

10.14 - Example of airline maintenance system development

10.14.1 - Setting

10.14.2 - Aircraft Checks

10.14.2.1 - F27

10.14.2.2 - Boeing 727

10.14.2.3 - DC9

10.14.3 - Work-Hours and Staffing Assessments

10.14.3.1 - Work-Hours Per Check

10.14.3.2 - Work-Hours Available

10.14.3.3 - Shop Efficiency

10.14.3.4 - Time Required

10.14.4 - Further Development

10.14.5 - Direct Application

Chapter 11 - The Methodologies of Reliability and Maintainability in the A380 Program

11.1 - Introduction

11.2 - Reliability modeling approach

11.3 - Reliability enhancement process

11.4 - Validation and verification process

11.5 - Advanced maintainability optimization

11.6 - Conclusions

References

Index

Back Cover

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