Chapter
1.2 Types of HCI Research Contributions
1.3 Changes in topics of HCI research over time
1.4 Changes in HCI research methods over time
1.5 Understanding HCI research methods and measurement
1.6 The nature of interdisciplinary research in HCI
1.7 Who is the audience for your research?
1.8 Understanding one research project in the context of related research
1.9 Inherent trade-offs in HCI
Chapter 2: Experimental research
2.1 Types of Behavioral Research
2.2.1 Null Hypothesis and Alternative Hypothesis
2.2.2 Dependent and Independent Variables
2.2.3 Typical Independent Variables in HCI Research
2.2.4 Typical Dependent Variables in HCI Research
2.3 Basics of Experimental Research
2.3.1 Components of an Experiment
2.4.1 Why Do We Need Them?
2.4.2 Type I and Type II Errors
2.4.3 Controlling the Risks of Type I and Type II Errors
2.5 Limitations of Experimental Research
Chapter 3: Experimental design
3.1 What Needs to be Considered When Designing Experiments?
3.2 Determining the Basic Design Structure
3.3 Investigating a Single Independent Variable
3.3.1 Between-Group Design and Within-Group Design
3.3.1.1 Advantages and disadvantages of between-group design
3.3.1.2 Advantages and disadvantages of within-group design
3.3.1.3 Comparison of between-group and within-group designs
3.3.2 Choosing the Appropriate Design Approach
3.3.2.1 Between-group design
3.3.2.2 Within-group design
3.4 Investigating More Than One Independent Variable
3.4.3 Interaction Effects
3.5 Reliability of Experimental Results
3.5.2.1 Bias caused by measurement instruments
3.5.2.2 Bias caused by experimental procedures
3.5.2.3 Bias caused by participants
3.5.2.4 Bias due to experimenter behavior
3.5.2.5 Bias due to environmental factors
3.6 Experimental Procedures
Chapter 4: Statistical analysis
4.1 Preparing Data for Statistical Analysis
4.2 Descriptive Statistics
4.2.1 Measures of Central Tendency
4.4.1 Independent-Samples t Test
4.4.2 Paired-Samples t Test
4.4.3 Interpretation of t Test Results
4.4.4 Two-Tailed t Tests and One-Tailed t Tests
4.5.3 Repeated Measures ANOVA
4.5.4 ANOVA for Split-Plot Design
4.6 Assumptions of t Tests and F Tests
4.7 Identifying Relationships
4.8 Nonparametric Statistical Tests
4.8.2 Other Nonparametric Tests
5.2 Benefits and Drawbacks of Surveys
5.3 Goals and Targeted Users for Survey Research
5.4 Probabilistic Sampling
5.5 Nonprobabilistic Sampling
5.5.3 Random Sampling of Usage, Not Users
5.5.4 Self-Selected Surveys
5.5.5 Uninvestigated Populations
5.6 Developing Survey Questions
5.6.1 Open-Ended Questions
5.6.2 Closed-Ended Questions
5.6.3 Common Problems With Survey Questions
5.7 Overall Survey Structure
5.9 Paper or Online Surveys?
5.10 Pilot Testing the Survey Tool
6.2 Why do we use diaries in HCI research?
6.3 Participants for a diary study
6.4.3 Hybrid Feedback and Elicitation Diary
6.5 Data Collection for the Diary Study
6.6 Letting Participants Know When to Record a Diary Entry
7.2 Observing Sara: A Case Study of a Case Study
7.3 What is a Case Study?
7.3.1 In-Depth Investigation of a Small Number of Cases
7.3.2 Examination in Context
7.3.3 Multiple Data Sources
7.3.4 Emphasis on Qualitative Data and Analysis
7.4 goals of hci case studies
7.5.1 Intrinsic or Instrumental
7.5.2 Single Case or Multiple Cases
7.5.3 Embedded or Holistic
7.6 Research Questions and Hypotheses
7.8.1 Data Sources and Questions
7.9 Analysis and Interpretation
7.10 Writing Up the Study
7.11 Informal Case Studies
Chapter 8: Interviews and focus groups
8.2 Pros and Cons of Interviews
8.3 Applications of Interviews in HCI Research
8.3.1 Initial Exploration
8.3.2 Requirements Gathering
8.3.3 Evaluation and Subjective Reactions
8.5.1 How Much Structure?
8.5.2 Focused and Contextual Interviews
8.6 Interviews vs Focus Groups
8.8 Conducting an Interview
8.8.2 Recording the Responses
8.8.3 During the Interview
8.8.3.3 Getting down to business
8.8.3.4 Promoting discussion
8.9 Electronically Mediated Interviews and Focus Groups
8.10 Analyzing Interview Data
9.4 Conducting Ethnographic Research
9.4.1 Selecting a Site or Group of Interest
9.4.2 Participating: Choosing a Role
9.4.3 Building Relationships
9.4.5 Interviewing, Observing, Analyzing, Repeating, and Theorizing
9.5.3 Educational Settings
9.5.4 Ethnographies of Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems
9.5.5 Virtual Ethnography
Chapter 10: Usability testing
10.2 What is Usability Testing?
10.3 How Does Usability Testing Relate to “Traditional” Research?
10.4 Types of Usability Testing or Usability Inspections
10.4.1 Expert-Based Testing
10.4.2 Automated Usability Testing
10.5 THE PROCESS OF User-Based Testing
10.5.1 Formative and Summative Usability Testing
10.5.2 Stages of Usability Testing
10.5.3 How Many Users are Sufficient?
10.5.4 Locations for Usability Testing
10.5.7 The Usability Testing Session
10.5.8 Making Sense of the Data
10.6 Other Variations on Usability Testing
Chapter 11: Analyzing qualitative data
11.2 Goals and Stages of Qualitative Analysis
11.3.2 Questions to Consider Before Content Analysis
11.4 Analyzing Text Content
11.4.1.1 Grounded theory and emergent coding
11.4.1.2 A priori coding and theoretical frameworks
11.4.1.3 Building a code structure
11.4.2.1 Look for key items
11.4.2.2 Ask questions about the data
11.4.2.3 Making comparisons of data
11.4.2.4 Recording the codes
11.4.2.5 Iterating and refining
11.4.3 Ensuring High-Quality Analysis
11.4.3.3 Subjective versus objective coders
11.5 Analyzing Multimedia Content
Chapter 12: Automated data collection methods
12.2.1.1 Web log contents
12.2.1.2 Web usability/design research
12.2.1.3 Empirical studies
12.2.2 Stored Application Data
12.3 Activity-Logging Software
12.3.1 Web Proxies and Interaction Loggers
12.3.2 Keystroke and Activity Loggers
12.3.3 Interaction Recording Tools
12.4.1 Instrumented Software
12.5 Hybrid Data Collection Methods
12.6 Data Management and Analysis
12.6.1 Handling Stored Data
12.6.2 Analyzing Log Files
12.7 Automated Interface Evaluation
12.8 Challenges of Computerized Data Collection
Chapter 13: Measuring the human
13.3 Motion and Position Tracking
13.3.1 Muscular and Skeletal Position Sensing
13.3.2 Motion Tracking for Large Displays and Virtual Environments
13.4.1 Physiological Data
13.4.1.1 Electrodermal activity or galvanic skin response
13.4.1.2 Cardiovascular signals
13.5 Data Collection, Analysis, and Interpretation
13.5.3 Data Interpretation
Chapter 14: Online and ubiquitous HCI research
14.2.1 Observational Online Studies
14.2.2 Online Data Collection
14.2.3.1 Online communities
14.2.3.2 Following trends: Social media and online interaction data
14.2.4 Online Research Design Challenges
14.2.4.1 Appropriate topics for online research
14.2.4.4 Ethical concerns
14.3.1 Introduction to Human Computation
14.3.2 Conducting Human Computation Studies
14.3.2.1 Software infrastructure
14.3.2.2 Tasks and study design
14.3.2.3 Pros and cons of crowdsourced studies
14.3.3 Future of Human Computation
14.4 Sensors and Ubiquitous Computing
14.4.1 History and Examples
14.4.2 Ubiquitous Computing Research Methods
Chapter 15: Working with human subjects
15.2 Identifying Potential Participants
15.2.2 How Many Subjects?
15.2.3 Recruiting Participants
15.3 Care and Handling of Research Participants
15.3.1 Risks and Concerns of Research Participants
15.3.2 Protecting Privacy
15.3.3 Institutional Review Boards
15.3.5 Respecting Participants
15.3.5.2 Practical issues
15.3.6 Additional Concerns
15.3.6.1 Potentially deceptive research
15.3.6.2 Longitudinal studies
15.3.6.3 Working with children
15.3.6.4 Populations with specific concerns
15.3.7 International Concerns
15.4 Human Subjects Research and the Public Trust
Chapter 16: Working with research participants with disabilities
16.2.1 Inclusion Criteria
16.2.2 Differing Levels of Ability
16.2.3 Recruitment of Participants With Disabilities
16.2.4 Communicating With People Who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing
16.2.5 Communicating With People With Moderate to Severe Speech Impairments
16.3 Methodological Considerations
16.3.1 Small Sample Sizes
16.3.2 Distributed Research
16.3.3 In-Depth Case Studies
16.3.4 Consistent Technical Environment or Best Case Scenario?
16.4.1 Communicating With Potential Participants
16.4.3 Scheduling Data Collection Involving Users With Disabilities
16.4.4 Involving Participants With Cognitive Disabilities/Intellectual Impairments
16.4.5 Documentation for Users With Disabilities
16.4.6 Bringing Extra Computer Parts
Research Methods in Human-Computer Interaction
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