Chapter
1 - The Site of the Bite: Addressing Knowledge Gaps in Vector Transmission of Diseases
VECTORS: THE NEGLECTED PART OF THE EQUATION
IDENTIFYING THE RESEARCH GAPS
ROLE OF IMMUNE CELL SUBSETS IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF VECTOR-BORNE INFECTIONS
EFFECT OF VECTOR INNATE IMMUNITY AND HUMAN-DERIVED IMMUNE MOLECULES ON THE TRANSMISSION OF VECTOR-BORNE PATHOGENS
DROSOPHILA—A USEFUL MODEL FOR VECTORS?
ARTHROPOD VECTORS AND DISEASE TRANSMISSION: TRANSLATIONAL ASPECTS
TRANSLATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR NOVEL VECTOR MANAGEMENT APPROACHES
KEYSTONE SYMPOSIA ON MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY–THE ARTHROPOD VECTOR: THE CONTROLLER OF TRANSMISSION
2 - Conservation and Convergence of Immune Signaling Pathways With Mitochondrial Regulation in Vector Arthropod Physiology
HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE OF INSECTS IN OUR UNDERSTANDING OF DISEASE
THE BLOOD-FEEDING INTERFACE
ANCIENT REGULATORY PATHWAYS OF HOMEOSTASIS: IIS, TGF-Β, MAPK
The Pathways: IIS, TGF-β, MAPK
IIS, TGF-β, and MAPK Regulation of Mitochondrial Function
IIS, TGF-β, and MAPK Regulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Turnover
MITOCHONDRIAL DYNAMICS CONTROLS DIVERSE PHYSIOLOGIES THAT ARE KEY TO VECTOR COMPETENCE
3 - Wolbachia-Mediated Immunity Induction in Mosquito Vectors
Maternal Transmission of Wolbachia
Wolbachia-Mediated Cytoplasmic Incompatibility
Wolbachia-Mediated Pathogen Interference
Wolbachia-Associated Fitness
WOLBACHIA-MEDIATED IMMUNE INDUCTIONS
Wolbachia Recognition by Hosts
Wolbachia Regulates Host Toll and Imd Signaling Pathways
Wolbachia Induces Production of Reactive Oxygen Species
The Interaction of Wolbachia With MicroRNAs
THE ROLE OF WOLBACHIA-INDUCED IMMUNITY IN PATHOGEN INTERFERENCE
THE ROLE OF WOLBACHIA-INDUCED IMMUNITY IN SYMBIOSIS FORMATION
THE IMPACT OF WOLBACHIA-INDUCED IMMUNITY ON MICROBIOTA
EVOLUTION OF WOLBACHIA-MEDIATED IMMUNE INDUCTIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON DISEASE CONTROL
TRANSLATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION
FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS
4 - Modulation of Mosquito Immune Defenses as a Control Strategy
THE GENETIC BASIS OF VECTOR COMPETENCE AND ITS LINK TO MOSQUITO IMMUNITY
CURRENT KNOWLEDGE OF ANTIPARASITE IMMUNE REACTIONS IN THE MOSQUITO VECTOR
Antimalarial Immunity in the Midgut Lumen
Antimalarial Immunity Against Parasites Traversing the Midgut Epithelium
Antimalarial Immunity Against Developing Malaria Oocysts
Antimalarial Immunity Against Sporozoites in Hemolymph and Salivary Glands
THE REGULATION OF ANTI-PARASITE IMMUNITY BY CANONICAL SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS
The Toll Pathway Controls Immune Reactions Targeting Broad Classes of Pathogens
The Immunodeficiency (Imd) Pathway Is a Major Regulator of Gut Immunity
The JAK/STAT Pathway Regulates the Antiviral Response and Cellular and Gut Immunity
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Affects Mosquito Midgut Homeostasis and Hemocyte Proliferation
Ras Also Signals Through the PI3K/Akt Pathway
Jun-N-Terminal Kinase/p38 Signaling
CREATING MALARIA-REFRACTORY MOSQUITOES IN THE LABORATORY: THE PROOF OF PRINCIPLE
Transient Inhibition of Plasmodium spp. Development by RNAi
Inherited Boosting of Antiparasite Immunity in Mosquitoes
Overexpression of Antimicrobial Peptides
Overexpression of Immune Pathway Transcription Factors
Overexpression of Immune Pathway Modulators
Overexpression of Plasmodium Parasite Opsonins
THE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR BOOSTING MOSQUITO IMMUNITY IN THE FIELD
5 - Molecular Mechanisms Mediating Immune Priming in Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes
ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF IMMUNE MEMORY
Gut Bacteria and the Establishment of Immune Priming
Hemocytes as Key Mediators in Early- and Late-phase Antiplasmodial Immunity
MOSQUITO–PARASITE COMPATIBILITY AND THE STRENGTH OF THE PRIMING RESPONSE
MOLECULAR FACTORS MEDIATING THE ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF INNATE IMMUNE PRIMING
Evokin, a Bioactive Lipid Carrier, Is Critical in Immune Priming
Eicosanoids in Hemocyte Differentiation and Activation
The Role of Immune Signaling Pathways in the Establishment of Immune Priming
The Effect of Priming on Vectorial Capacity
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
6 - The Mosquito Immune System and Its Interactions With the Microbiota: Implications for Disease Transmission
THE MOSQUITO INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM
Pattern Recognition and Immune Signaling
Pathogen Killing: Lysis, Phagocytosis, and Melanization
MICROBIOTA–IMMUNE SYSTEM INTERACTIONS
7 - Using an Endosymbiont to Control Mosquito-Transmitted Disease
THE BIOLOGY OF WOLBACHIA PIPIENTIS
THE USE OF WOLBACHIA IN MOSQUITO CONTROL PROGRAMS
PRERELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
Generating and Evaluating a Wolbachia-Infected Line
Planning, Modeling, and Community Engagement
SELECTING THE RIGHT WOLBACHIA STRAIN
Effects of Wolbachia in Different Host Species
The Wolbachia Density Trade-Off
PATHOGEN INTERFERENCE VERSUS PATHOGEN ENHANCEMENT
8 - Effect of Host Blood–Derived Antibodies Targeting Critical Mosquito Neuronal Receptors and Other Proteins: Disruption of Vector Physiology and Potential for Disease Control
Vaccine Studies Against Concealed Antigens to Reduce the Survival of Ticks and Blood-Feeding Insects
Antibody Translocation Across the Insect Midgut and Binding of Concealed Antigens
Insights From the Activity and Targets of Invertebrate Peptide Toxins
Insights From Autoimmune Channelopathies in Vertebrates
CURRENT ADVANCES IN ANTIMOSQUITO ANTIBODY DEVELOPMENT
FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS
Understanding Basic Vector Biology by Disrupting Protein Function In Vivo
Translational Opportunities for Disease Control and Prevention
9 - Role of the Microbiota During Development of the Arthropod Vector Immune System
SPECTRUM OF VECTOR–MICROBE INTERACTIONS
ENVIRONMENTALLY ACQUIRED COMMENSAL BACTERIA SUPPORT THEIR HOST’S DEVELOPMENT
MICROBIOME INFLUENCES ON ARTHROPOD HOST VECTOR COMPETENCE
MUTUALISTIC ENDOSYMBIONTS SUPPORT THEIR HOST’S DEVELOPMENT
THE TSETSE FLY AS A MODEL SYSTEM FOR STUDYING SYMBIONT CONTRIBUTIONS TO HOST IMMUNE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
Generation of Dysbiotic Tsetse
Wigglesworthia’s Role in the Development of Tsetse’s Cellular Immune Response
Wigglesworthia and the Development of Tsetse Gut Barriers That Modulate Trypanosome Infection Outcomes
SUMMARY AND CONCLUDING THOUGHTS
10 - Host–Microbe Interactions: A Case for Wolbachia Dialogue
IMPACT OF WOLBACHIA ON MOSQUITO SMALL RNAS
MANIPULATION OF HOST MIRNAS AS REGULATORS OF GENES INVOLVED IN WOLBACHIA MAINTENANCE
EFFECT OF ALTERATIONS OF HOST MIRNAS BY WOLBACHIA ON HOST–VIRUS INTERACTIONS
SMALL RNAS AS MEDIATORS OF DIALOGUE BETWEEN HOST AND WOLBACHIA
11 - The Gut Microbiota of Mosquitoes: Diversity and Function
ACQUISITION AND COMMUNITY DIVERSITY OF THE MOSQUITO GUT MICROBIOTA
Bacterial Diversity in the Gut Is Low
Most Gut Bacteria Are Acquired From the Environment
Some Gut Bacteria Can Be Acquired Directly
The Gut as a Habitat for Microbes
FUNCTIONS OF THE GUT MICROBIOTA IN MOSQUITOES
Nutrient Acquisition and Digestion
Oviposition and Egg Hatching
12 - Targeting Dengue Virus Replication in Mosquitoes
INTRODUCTION: WHY TARGET DENGUE VIRUS IN MOSQUITOES?
MOSQUITOES NATURALLY TARGET DENGUE VIRUS REPLICATION
STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE TARGETING OF DENGUE VIRUS REPLICATION IN MOSQUITOES
SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
13 - Paratransgenesis Applications: Fighting Malaria With Engineered Mosquito Symbiotic Bacteria
GENETIC MANIPULATION OF MOSQUITO VECTORIAL COMPETENCE
IMPACT OF MICROBIOTA ON ANOPHELES PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOGEN TRANSMISSION
FIGHTING MALARIA TRANSMISSION WITH PARATRANSGENESIS
Basic Requirements for Paratransgenesis
Fighting Malaria With Engineered Symbionts
14 - Insulin-Like Peptides Regulate Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Anopheles stephensi
THE BIOLOGY OF THE INSULIN-LIKE PEPTIDES
Structure and Function of Insulin-Like Peptides
Insulin-Like Peptides, Infection, and Immunity
REGULATION OF INSULIN-LIKE PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS DURING PLASMODIUM INFECTION
Tissue-Specific Production of Insulin-Like Peptides
The Effects of Diet and Age on Insulin-Like Peptide Synthesis
Fine-Tuning of Insulin-Like Peptide Expression to Parasite Infection Through the Insulin/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling Pa...
INSULIN-LIKE PEPTIDE REGULATION OF ANOPHELES STEPHENSI PHYSIOLOGY DURING PLASMODIUM INFECTION
Insulin-Like Peptide Regulation of Cell Signaling
Insulin-Like Peptide Effects on Nuclear Factor Kappa-Light-Chain-Enhancer-Mediated Immunity
Insulin-Like Peptide Effects on Metabolic Homeostasis in the Midgut
Insulin-Like Peptide Effects on Plasmodium falciparum Development
INSULIN-LIKE PEPTIDE REGULATION OF ANOPHELES STEPHENSI BEHAVIOR AND PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM TRANSMISSION
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Arthropod Vector: Controller of Disease Transmission, Volume 1
：Vector Microbiome and Innate Immunity of Arthropods
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