Front Cover

Hybrid Polymer Composite Materials

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Contents

List of Contributors

1 Processing of hybrid polymer composites—a review

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Fibers

1.2.1 Natural fibers

1.2.1.1 Fiber treatment

1.2.2 Synthetic fiber

1.3 Polymer

1.3.1 Thermoset

1.3.2 Thermoplastic

1.4 Polymer composites

1.5 Hybrid composites

1.6 Parameters of processing methods

1.6.1 Pultrusion

1.6.2 Filament winding

1.6.3 Hand lay-up

1.6.4 Resin transfer molding

1.6.5 Vacuum bagging

1.6.6 Compression molding

1.6.7 Injection molding

1.7 Advantage and disadvantage of processing methods

1.7.1 Resin transfer molding (RTM)

1.7.2 Compression molding

1.7.3 Injection molding

1.7.4 Hand lay-up

1.7.5 Common disadvantage of natural fiber composites

1.8 Applications

1.8.1 Application of hybrid polymer composites

1.8.2 Application of each processing method

1.8.2.1 Hand lay-up

1.8.2.2 Compression molding

1.8.2.3 Injection molding

1.8.2.4 Solvent casting

1.9 Conclusion

References

2 Bio-based hybrid polymer composites: a sustainable high performance material

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Nature and behavior of natural fibers

2.2.1 Properties of NFs

2.2.2 Processing of NFs

2.2.3 Types and applications of NFs

2.2.3.1 Flax fibers (FFs)

2.2.3.2 Kenaf fibers (KFs)

2.2.3.3 Jute fibers (JFs)

2.2.3.4 Coir fibers (CFs)

2.2.3.5 Sisal fibers

2.2.3.6 Ramie fibers (RFs)

2.2.3.7 Palm fibers (PFs)

2.3 Biodegradable/bio-based polymers as matrices

2.3.1 Polylactic acid (PLA)

2.3.2 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)

2.3.3 Aliphatic polyesters

2.3.4 Aliphatic aromatic copolyesters

2.3.5 Polyester amides

2.3.6 Polybutylene succinates

2.3.7 Polyvinyl alcohol

References

3 Water soluble polymer based hybrid nanocomposites

3.1 Hybrid polymer nanocomposites

3.2 Gelatin-based hybrid polymer nanocomposites

3.3 Nanomaterials suitable for fabricating gelatin-based hybrid polymer nanocomposites

3.4 Hybrid gelatin nanocomposites containing a combination of BCNC and AgNPs

3.4.1 Morphology

3.4.2 Mechanical properties

3.4.3 Moisture sorption properties

3.4.4 Thermal properties

3.5 Gelatin nanocomposites containing a combination of amine functionalized clay and AgNPs

3.5.1 Mechanical properties

3.5.2 Thermal properties

3.5.3 Barrier properties

3.6 Conclusions

References

4 Dynamic fabrication of amylosic supramolecular composites in an enzymatic polymerization field

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Dynamic formation of amylosic supramolecular inclusion composites by vine-twining polymerization and related system

4.3 Selective complexation of amylose in vine-twining polymerization

4.4 Dynamic fabrication of amylosic supramolecular inclusion composite materials by vine-twining polymerization

4.5 Conclusions

References

5 Advanced composites with strengthened nanostructured interface

5.1 Introduction: necessity to strengthen the fiber–matrix interface

5.2 Sizings to protect reinforcements and strengthen interface

5.3 Strengthening of fiber–matrix interface by reinforcement modifications

5.3.1 Conventional methods for reinforcement modification

5.3.2 Recently developed treatment techniques: strategies to retain fiber strength properties

5.4 Interfacial design and characterization

5.4.1 Fiber/matrix interface characterization and failure mechanism

5.4.2 Advanced techniques to characterize nanostructured interface/interphase

5.5 Potential applications of strengthened fiber–matrix interfaces

5.6 Prospective

References

6 Hybrid ceramic/polymer composites for bone tissue regeneration

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Ceramic/polymer composites

6.2.1 Ceramic/synthetic polymer composites

6.2.2 Ceramic/natural polymer composites

6.2.2.1 Ceramic/carbohydrate-based polymer composites

6.2.2.2 Ceramic/protein-based polymer composites

6.3 Ceramic/polymer nanocomposites

6.4 Conclusions

References

7 Natural and synthetic fillers for reaching high performance and sustainable hybrid polymer composites

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Hybrid polymer composites with natural fillers

7.3 Hybrid polymer composites with synthetic fillers

7.4 Conclusions

References

8 Synthesis of conducting polymer/carbon material composites and their application in electrical energy storage

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Methods of synthesis of Conducting Polymer/Carbon Material composites

8.2.1 Chemical polymerization method

8.2.1.1 CP/CNT composites

8.2.1.2 CP/graphene composites

8.2.1.3 CP/activated carbon composites

8.2.2 Electrochemical polymerization method

8.2.2.1 CP/CNT composites

8.2.2.2 CP/G composites

8.2.2.3 CP/AC composites

Potentiostatic step method

Potentiodynamic method

Multiple potentiostatic steps method

8.2.2.4 CP/ACF composites

8.2.3 Other synthesis methods

8.2.3.1 Mechanical mixing method

8.2.3.2 Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly

8.3 Synthesis of advanced carbon materials

8.3.1 Carbon material based on ACF-PANI

8.3.2 Strategies to transform CP or CP/carbon composites into carbon material

8.4 Applications in electrical energy storage

8.4.1 Activated carbon fiber-PANI electrodes as positive electrodes in asymmetric hybrid capacitors

8.5 Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

9 Electrochemical behaviour of graphene and carbon nanotubes based hybrid polymer composites

9.1 Introduction

9.1.1 Supercapacitors

9.1.1.1 Electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs)

9.1.1.2 Pseudocapacitors

9.1.1.3 Hybrid supercapacitor

9.1.2 Supercapacitor electrode materials

9.1.2.1 Carbon materials

Carbon nanotubes

Graphene

9.1.2.2 Metals oxide

9.1.2.3 Conducting polymer

9.1.3 Electrolyte

9.2 Carbon nanotubes based hybrid nanocomposites for supercapacitors

9.2.1 Multi-walled carbon nanotubes based

9.2.2 Single-walled carbon nanotubes based

9.2.3 CNT–metal oxide supercapacitors

9.3 Graphene-based hybrid nanocomposites for supercapacitors

9.3.1 Graphene polymer hybrid

9.3.2 Modified graphene based supercapacitors

9.3.3 Graphene–metal oxide supercapacitors

9.3.4 Asymmetric supercapacitors

9.4 Graphene and carbon nanotubes based ternary nanocomposites

9.5 Modern applications of supercapacitors

9.6 Summary

References

10 Processing of ferroelectric polymer composites

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Ferroelectric materials and ferroelectric polymers

10.3 Ferroelectric polymer (PVDF) composites to enhance ferroelectric phase

10.4 Composites of ferroelectric polymer to enhance dielectric permittivity with low loss

References

11 Polymer–carbon nanotubes composites obtained via radical polymerization in water-dispersed media

11.1 Introduction

11.2 CNT/polymer nanocomposites obtained from water dispersions

11.3 New results involving CNT nanocomposites obtained by miniemulsion polymerization

11.4 Future perspectives

References

12 Temperature effect in polyurethane/graphene/PMMA nanocomposites using quantum mechanics and Monte Carlo for design of ne...

12.1 Introduction

12.1.1 Molecular modelation

12.1.1.1 Quantum mechanics

12.1.2 Nanotechnology and nanoscience

12.1.2.1 Nanocomposites

12.1.3 Polymers

12.1.3.1 Polyurethane (PU)

12.1.3.2 Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)

12.1.4 Graphene

12.1.4.1 Medical applications

12.1.5 Prosthesis

12.2 Methodology

12.2.1 Geometry optimization

12.2.2 Obtaining electrostatic potential map

12.2.3 FTIR analysis

12.3 Results and discussions

12.3.1 Crosslinking: polyurethane–graphene (PU/G)

12.3.1.1 Geometry optimization

12.3.1.2 Electrostatic potential map (MESP)

12.3.1.3 FTIR

12.3.2 Adsorption of PMMA

12.3.2.1 Geometry optimization PMMA minimum adsorption and partition coefficient

12.3.2.2 Electrostatic potential map (MESP)

12.3.2.3 FTIR

12.3.3 Temperature effect in PU/G/PMMA nanocomposites

12.3.3.1 Geometry optimization

12.3.3.2 Electrostatic potential map (MESP)

12.3.3.3 FTIR

12.4 Conclusions

References

13 Polymeric thin film composite membrane for CO2 separation

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Thin film composite

13.3 Parameters of interfacial polymerization

13.3.1 Monomer and solvent

13.3.2 Support characteristics

13.3.3 Additives

13.3.4 Preparation conditions

13.4 Polyethylene oxide for membrane with high CO2 solubility

13.5 CO2-facilitated transport behavior of amine-based membrane

13.6 Nanomaterials for the ultimate membrane enhancement

13.7 Current challenges in TFC development

13.8 Conclusion

References

Index

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