Front Cover

Fire Pump Arrangements at Industrial Facilities

Copyright Page

Dedication

Contents

List of Figures

List of Tables

About the Author

Preface

Acknowledgments

Notice

Introduction

Typical Fire Water Pump Installation

1. Historical Applications of Firewater Pumping Systems

Ancient Water Pumps

Reciprocating Hand and Steam Driven Fire Pumps

Rotary Pumps

Invention of Centrifugal Pump

Modern Fire Pumps

Municipal Water Pumping Plants and Mains

Offshore Facilities

2. Philosophy of Protection

Protection Options

Process emergency control measures

Incident fuel consumption

Provide protective measures

Passive systems

Active systems

Insurance requirements

Internal company policies and standards

Risk Assessments

3. Firewater Flow Requirements

Risk Areas

Exposure Cooling Requirements

Fire Control Requirements

Suppression Requirements

Egress Water Sprays

Residual Pressure Requirements

4. Duration of Firewater Supplies

Capability of Public Water Mains

Primary supplies

Reserve supplies

5. Sources of Firewater Pump Supply

Seas and Oceans

Rivers, Channels, Ponds, and Lakes

Water Wells (Natural Underground Reservoirs)

Manmade Reservoirs (Impounded Supplies)

Storage tanks

Municipal and Private Firewater Distribution Mains

Specialized Offshore Raw Seawater Systems

Firewater Usage by Other Services

Emergency Water Sources

Water Quality

Enhancements to Firefighting Water

Marine Growth

Biocide Injection

Other Marine Growth Control Methods

Evaluation and Prevention of Freezing Water

Future Use, Sources and Development

6. Pump Types and Applications

Dynamic Pumps

Centrifugal pumps

Pump/impeller design relationships

Single and multistage arrangements

Volute and turbine pump classification

Axial flow pumps

Positive displacement pumps

Rotary pumps

Gear pumps

Lobe pumps

Sliding vane pumps

Reciprocating pumps

Firewater pump characteristics

Characteristic firewater pump “curve”

Main and standby firewater pumps

Booster firewater pumps

Water mist firewater pumps

Jockey pumps

Firewater circulation pumps

Foam pumps

Packaged and skid units including temporary installations

Retrofit Improvements to Existing Firewater Pumps

Management of change

Future expansion

Reliance on mobile firewater pumping apparatus

Portable pumps

NFPA 20 versus API 610 and other pump types

7. Pump Installation, Piping Arrangements, and Accessories

Code Requirements

Listing Requirements (United States and International Agencies)

Typical Installation

Location, Separation, and Protection From Risk Exposures

Pump Separation

Pump Room or Building Construction

Special Locations

Offshore facilities

Arctic Locations

Arid Locations

Tropical Locations

Earthquake Zones

Multiple Pump Installations

Pump Rotation

Relief Valves

Variable Speed Pressure Limiting Control

Circulation Relief Valves

Pressure and Flow Control Valves

Isolation Valves

Bypass Capability

Pressure Gages

Pressure Recorders

Flow Measurement Capability

Check Valves

Air Release Valve

Supervision of Isolation Valves

Inlet Screens, Strainers, and Filters

Submerged Pump Intake Openings

Cavitation, Net Positive Suction Head and Vortices

Water Hammer or Surge

Pumping System Hydraulic Design

Vibration Limitation

Torsional Vibration Analysis

Backflow Prevention

Area and Task Lighting

Ventilation

Fire Sprinkler Protection

Electrical Power Arrangements—Commercial Feeders, Transformers, Substations, and Switchgear

Utility Services

Drainage

Outside Installations

8. Materials of Construction

Durability

Corrosion Considerations

Cathodic Protection

Coatings

Fiberglass Materials

Freshwater Concerns

Common Pump Materials

Nonmetalic Piping Considerations

9. Pump Drivers and Power Transmission

Electric Motors

NEMA Classification

Splash Shield or Partitions

Gasoline Engines

Diesel Engines

Engine Gage Panel

Diesel Engine Fuel Arrangements

Fuel Refilling Aspects

Fuel Contamination

Engine Starting Systems

Starting Batteries

Engine Cooling System

Engine Exhaust System

Air Supplies and Ventilation

Instrument Panel

Steam Turbine

Power Transmission Options

Driver Pump Coupling

Right Angle Gear Drives

Lineshafts

Indirect Hydraulic Drive

Acoustical Concerns

Maintenance Access

10. Firewater Pump Controllers

Firewater Pump Controllers

Diesel Engine Firewater Pump Controllers

Electric Motor Firewater Pump Controllers

Controller Power Supplies

Dual Power Source Controllers

Automatic Transfer Switches

Remote Alarm and Shutdown Panels for Fire Pump Controllers

Low Suction Pressure Cut-Off

Jockey Pump Controllers

Foam Pump Controllers

Controller Listing or Approval

Multiple Firewater Pump Installations

Automatic Activation

Firemain Pressure Switch Activation

Remote Activation

Local Activation

Startup Attempts

Color Coding of Panel Indicators

Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams

Controller Indicators

First-Up Fault Feature

Cause and Effects Charts

Firewater Pump Shutdown

Specialized Installations

Controller Location and Access Requirements

Facility/Plant Electronic Monitoring of Fire Pumps

11. Reliability

Failure Categories

Insurance Industry Experience

Fault Tree Analysis

Single Point Failures (SPF)

Number of Firewater Pumps

Pump Failures

Electrical Motor Failures

Diesel Engine Failures

Gearbox Failures

Controllers Faults

Plant Perils and Pumping System Exposure

Reliance on Commercial Electrical Power Sources

12. Classified Area Pump Installations

Diesel Engine Ignition Hazards

Primary Ignition Hazards

Secondary Ignition Hazards

Hot Surfaces

Hot Exhaust Gases

Exhaust System (Muffler)

Exhaust System Spark or Flame Discharge

Engine Overspeeding

Flashback in Air Intake

Material Selection

Rated Instrumentation and Electrical Hardware

Decompression Ports

Electric Motors

Controllers

13. Firewater Pump Acceptance and Flow Testing

Safety Precautions

Factory Acceptance Test

Site Acceptance Test and Commissioning

Periodic Performance Tests—Frequencies and Duration

Pump Curve Test Points

Fuel Examination

Specific Speed Verification

Accuracy of Test Gages

Weekly Testing

Controller and Interface Testing

Foam Pump Testing

Basic Test Procedure

Pump Installation Major Maintenance and Inspections

14. Human Factors, Quality Control, and Audits

Human Factors

Identification

Painting

Flow Arrows

Starting Instructions

Access

Guards

Environmental and Health Factors (e.g., Noise Levels)

Emergency and Prefire Plans

Documentation

Training

Security

Quality Control

Reporting and Investigating Fire Pump Failures

Company Inspections/Audits and Insurance Surveys

Implementing and Tracking Recommendations for Improvements

Recent Major Incidents Which Fire Pump Failures Were Contributing Cause

International Standards Related to Fire Pumps

Appendix A: Selected Major Incidents Affecting the Performance of Firewater Pumping Systems

Appendix B: Purchase Data/Specification Sheet

Acronyms

Glossary

Bibliography

Index

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