Preharvest Modulation of Postharvest Fruit and Vegetable Quality

Author: Siddiqui   Mohammed Wasim  

Publisher: Elsevier Science‎

Publication year: 2017

E-ISBN: 9780128098080

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780128098073

Subject: S5 Cultivation of Crops

Keyword: 微生物学

Language: ENG

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Description

Preharvest Modulation of Postharvest Fruit and Vegetable Quality is the first book to focus on the potential yield quality, quantity and safety benefits of intervention during growth. Of the many factors responsible for overall quality of produce, about 70 percent comes from pre-harvest conditions. Written by an international team of experts, this book presents the key opportunities and challenges of pre-harvest interventions. From selecting the most appropriate growing scenario, to treating plants during the maturation process, to evaluating for quality factors to determine appropriate interventions, this book provides an integrated look at maximizing crop yield through preventative means.

In fact, with the very best of postharvest knowledge and technologies available, the best that can be achieved is a reduction in the rate at which products deteriorate as they progress through their normal developmental pattern of maturation, ripening and senescence. Therefore, it is very important to understand what pre-harvest factors influence the many important harvest quality attributes that affect the rate of postharvest deterioration and, subsequently, the consumers’ decision to purchase the product in the marketplace.

  • Presents the important pre-harvest factors that influence harvest quality
  • Includes up-to-date information on pre-harvest factors that modulate post-harvest biology
  • Identifies potential methodologies and technologies to enh

Chapter

2.2.1 - Ethylene Commercial Use

2.2.2 - Use of 1-MCP as an Ethylene Inhibitor

2.2.3 - Temperature

2.2.4 - Relative Humidity

2.2.5 - Growth Regulators

2.2.6 - Atmosphere Gases Concentration

2.2.7 - Irradiation

3 - Apple (Malus domestica)

4 - Banana (Musa spp.)

5 - Cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L.)

6 - Kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa)

7 - Mango (Mangifera indica L.)

8 - Melon (Cucumis melo)

9 - Orange (Citrus × sinensis)

10 - Pineapple (Ananas comosus L.)

11 - Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)

12 - Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum)

13 - Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)

14 - Carrots (Daucus carota)

15 - Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.)

16 - Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum)

17 - Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

18 - Spinach (Spinacia oleracea)

19 - Conclusions

References

Further reading

Chapter 2 - Fruit Maturity, Harvesting, and Quality Standards

1 - Introduction

2 - Determination of maturity indices

2.1 - Destructive Methods

2.1.1 - Sugar

2.1.2 - Acidity

2.1.3 - Starch Content

2.1.4 - Oil Content

2.2 - Nondestructive Methods

2.2.1 - Skin Color

2.2.2 - Optical Methods

2.2.3 - Firmness

2.2.4 - Size

2.2.5 - Aroma

2.2.6 - Leaf Changes

2.3 - Measuring Maturity: Destructive Versus Nondestructive Methods

3 - Harvesting methods

3.1 - Hand Harvesting

3.2 - Mechanical Harvesting

4 - Postharvest handling operations

4.1 - Precooling

4.2 - Washing, Cleaning, and Trimming

4.3 - Sorting, Grading, and Sizing

4.4 - Curing

4.5 - Irradiation

4.5.1 - Uses of Irradiation

4.6 - Hot Water Treatment

4.7 - Waxing

4.8 - Packaging and Storage

4.9 - Labeling

5 - Quality standards for product acceptance

5.1 - Quality Standards

5.2 - Methods for Determining Quality

5.2.1 - Subjective Versus Objective Methods

5.2.1.1 - Appearance

5.2.1.2 - Color

5.2.1.3 - Shape and Size

5.2.1.4 - Firmness

5.2.1.5 - Absence of Defects

5.2.1.6 - Further Objective Tests

5.2.1.6.1 - Total soluble solids or soluble solid content (SSC)

5.2.1.6.2 - Titratable acidity (TA)

5.2.1.6.3 - Nutritional quality

5.2.1.6.4 - Eating quality

References

Chapter 3 - Effect of Elicitors in the Nutritional and Sensorial Quality of Fruits and Vegetables

Abbreviations

1 - Introduction

2 - Elicitor classification and their effect in plants

3 - Pathways activated by elicitors

3.1 - Phenylpropanoid Synthesis Pathway

3.2 - Vitamin C Synthesis Pathway

3.3 - Vitamin E Synthesis Pathway

3.4 - Carotenoids Synthesis Pathway

4 - Sensory quality affected by elicitation

5 - Conclusions

References

Chapter 4 - The Fruit Cuticle: Actively Tuning Postharvest Quality

1 - A brief overview of fruit cuticles

1.1 - General Features of Fruit Cuticle Composition

1.2 - Is There a Relationship of Cuticle Composition to Fruit Type?

2 - Impact of cuticle composition and properties on fruit quality

2.1 - Water Loss

2.2 - Susceptibility to Infections and Physiological Disorders

2.3 - Firmness and Mechanical Support

3 - Development of fruit cuticle during on-plant ripening and after harvest

3.1 - Biosynthesis of Fruit Cuticle During On-Vine Maturation and Ripening

3.2 - Postharvest Changes in Fruit Cuticles: What Do We Know?

4 - Postharvest procedures: a summary of reported effects on fruit cuticle properties

4.1 - Temperature and Relative Humidity in the Storage Environment

4.2 - Postharvest Treatments

4.2.1 - Controlled and Modified Atmospheres

4.2.2 - Ethylene and Ethylene-Suppressing Treatments

4.2.3 - Miscellaneous Postharvest Treatments

5 - Preharvest treatments: a feasible tool to optimize fruit cuticle properties for improved postharvest performance?

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 5 - Influence of Photoselective Shade Nettings on Postharvest Quality of Vegetables

1 - Introduction

2 - Photoselective nets

2.1 - Impact of Photoselective Nets on Postharvest Quality of Selected Vegetables After Storage

2.2 - Impact of Photoselective Nets on Phytochemical Contents in Selected Vegetables After Storage

2.3 - Odor Active Aroma Volatiles Prior to and After Postharvest Storage in Tomato and Sweet Peppers

3 - Conclusions

References

Further reading

Chapter 6 - Pre- and Postharvest Treatments Affecting Flavor Quality of Fruits and Vegetables

1 - Introduction

2 - Factors affecting flavor before harvest

2.1 - Weather

2.2 - Preharvest

3 - Harvest and stage of maturity

4 - Postharvest treatments

4.1 - Temperature Management

4.2 - Controlled Atmosphere

4.3 - Modified Atmosphere Packaging

4.4 - Coating

4.5 - Heat Treatments

4.6 - Physicochemical Treatments

5 - Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 7 - Influence of Water Quality on Postharvest Fruit and Vegetable Quality

1 - Introduction

2 - Water quality and crop produce quality

3 - Classification of saline waters for irrigation

4 - Impact of poor water on quality traits of fruit and vegetable

4.1 - Physical Traits

4.2 - Compositional Traits

4.3 - Pathological Traits

4.4 - Longevity (Shelf-Life) Traits

5 - Management options for saline irrigation water for horticultural crops

5.1 - Frequency of Irrigation

5.2 - Irrigation Methods

5.3 - Deficit Irrigation

5.4 - Mulching

5.5 - Selection of Salt-Tolerant Crops and Monitoring of Salinity Status

5.6 - Use of Tolerant Rootstock–Grafted Plants

6 - Conclusions and future research needs

References

Further Reading

Chapter 8 - Rootstocks for Improved Postharvest Quality of Fruits: Recent Advances

1 - Introduction

2 - Rootstock effects on fruit quality

2.1 - Fruit Size

2.2 - Color

2.3 - Sugar and Acid Content

2.4 - Nutrients

2.5 - Phytochemicals

3 - Rootstock effects on fruit maturity and storage

4 - Rootstock influence on incidence and severity of postharvest disease

5 - Communication of grafted plants’ genomes

References

Further Reading

Chapter 9 - Preharvest Sprays Affecting Shelf Life and Storage Potential of Fruits

1 - Introduction

2 - Mineral elements

2.1 - Boron

2.2 - Calcium

2.3 - Potassium

2.4 - Magnesium

2.5 - Nitrogen

2.6 - Nickel

2.7 - Selenium

3 - Plant growth regulator sprays

3.1 - Auxins

3.1.1 - Naphthalene Acetic Acid

3.1.2 - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

3.2 - Gibberellins

3.3 - Abscisic Acid

3.4 - Brassinosteroids

3.5 - Forchlorfenuron

4 - Ethylene-inhibiting compounds

4.1 - 1-Methylcyclopropene

4.2 - Aminoethoxyvinylglycine

4.3 - Oxalic Acid

4.4 - Salicylic Acid

4.5 - Methyl Jasmonate

4.6 - Polyamines

4.7 - Nitric Oxide

5 - Edible coatings

5.1 - Aloe vera Gel

5.2 - Chitosan

5.3 - Oligochitosan

5.4 - Biofresh

6 - Food additives

6.1 - Ascorbic Acid

6.2 - Hexanal

7 - Antagonists/biocontrol agents

8 - Artificial fungicides

9 - Conclusions

References

Further reading

Chapter 10 - Training and Pruning for Improved Postharvest Fruit Quality

1 - Introduction

2 - Different types of training and pruning systems

2.1 - Central Leader

2.2 - Open Center

2.3 - Modified Leader

2.4 - Palmette Leader

2.5 - Dwarf Pyramid

2.6 - Slender Spindle Bush

2.7 - Trellis

2.8 - Solen

2.9 - Espalier

3 - Pruning

4 - How does training and pruning influence postharvest fruit quality?

5 - Conclusions

References

Chapter 11 - Insect Pest Management of Preharvest Vegetables for Better Postharvest Quality

1 - Introduction

2 - Cole crops

2.1 - Diamondback Moth Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae)

2.1.1 - Management

2.2 - Cabbage White Butterfly Pieris brassicae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

2.2.1 - Management

2.3 - Cabbage Head Borer Hellula undalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

2.3.1 - Management

2.4 - Tobacco Caterpillar Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2.4.1 - Management

2.5 - Cabbage Aphid Brevicoryne brassicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

2.5.1 - Management

3 - Solanaceous Crops

3.1 - Potato Tuber Moth Phthorimaea operculella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

3.1.1 - Management

3.2 - Hadda Beetle Epilachna vigintioctopunctata/E. dodecastigma (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

3.2.1 - Management

3.3 - Potato Aphid Myzus Persicae/Macrosiphum Euphorbiae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

3.3.1 - Management

3.4 - Colorado Potato Beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

3.4.1 - Management

3.5 - Tomato Fruit Borer Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

3.5.1 - Management

3.6 - Brinjal Fruit and Shoot Borer Leucinodes orbonalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

3.6.1 - Management

4 - Cucurbitaceous vegetables

4.1 - Fruit Fly Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae)

4.1.1 - Management

4.2 - Pumpkin Beetles Raphidopalpa foveicollis, Aulacophora lewisii, A. cincta (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

4.2.1 - Management

5 - Leguminous vegetables

5.1 - Pea Pod and Beans Borer Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

5.2 - Pea Pod Borer Etiella zinckenella (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae)

5.2.1 - Management

6 - Miscellaneous vegetables pests

6.1 - Sweet Potato Weevil Cylas formicarius (Coleoptera: Apionidae)

6.1.1 - Management

6.2 - Sweet Potato Stem Borer Omphisia anastomasalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

6.2.1 - Management

6.3 - Spotted Bollworms of Okra Earias vittella, E. insulana (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

6.3.1 - Management

6.4 - Onion Maggot Delia antiqua (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)

6.4.1 - Management

7 - Conclusions

Website address

References

Further Reading

Chapter 12 - Preharvest Approaches to Control Insect Infestation in Fruit

1 - Introduction

2 - Insects of important fruit crops

3 - Tropical and subtropical fruit

3.1 - Mango

3.2 - Citrus

3.3 - Ber

3.4 - Litchi

3.5 - Pomegranate

3.6 - Banana

3.7 - Papaya

3.8 - Guava

3.9 - Custard Apple

3.10 - Pineapple

3.11 - Grape

3.12 - Sapota

3.13 - Temperate fruit

3.13.1 - Apple

3.13.2 - Peach

3.13.3 - Walnut and Almond

3.13.4 - Plantation Crops

3.13.4.1 - Areca Nut

3.13.4.2 - Cashew Nut

3.13.4.3 - Coconut

3.13.4.4 - Coffee

3.13.4.5 - Cocoa

4 - Preharvest approaches

5 - Orchard sanitation

6 - Soil manuring and fertilization

7 - Selection of planting materials

8 - Pruning and training

9 - Hand-picking of insects

10 - Tree banding

11 - Harvesting time

12 - Bagging of fruit

13 - Trapping

14 - Spraying of fruit fly bait

15 - Male annihilation technique (MAT)

16 - Sterile insect technique (SIT)

17 - Biological control

18 - Quarantine treatment

18.1 - International/Regional Cooperation

18.1.1 - Biogeographical Regions

18.1.2 - Third-Country/Intermediate Quarantine

18.1.3 - Consortium of Plant Quarantine Stations

18.2 - Pest Risk Analysis

18.2.1 - Generalized Tests

18.2.2 - Specialized Tests

18.2.2.1 - Insects

18.2.2.2 - Nematodes

18.2.2.3 - Fungi, Bacteria, and Viruses

18.2.3 - Heat Treatment

18.2.4 - International Quarantine

18.2.5 - Plant Quarantine Services in India

18.2.6 - Major Activities

18.2.7 - Available Plant Quarantine Facilities in India

18.3 - Role of NBPGR

18.4 - Phytosanitary Certificate

18.5 - Some Important Points

18.6 - National Coordination

18.7 - Insecticides

18.8 - Horticultural Ecosystem Analysis-Based Integrated Pest Management

18.9 - Methodology for HESAIPM

18.10 - Ecological Engineering in HESAIPM

19 - Conclusions

References

Further Reading

Chapter 13 - Genetic Modification in Fruits and Vegetables for Improved Nutritional Quality and Extended Shelf Life

1 - Introduction

2 - The need for biotechnology in fruits and vegetable production

3 - Tomato as an important model system for fleshy fruit ripening

4 - Tomato ripening stages

5 - Biotechnological approaches for shelf life and nutritional quality of fruits and vegetables

6 - Challenges associated with genetically modified fruits and vegetables

7 - Conclusions

References

Chapter 14 - Preharvest Biofortification of Horticultural Crops

1 - Introduction

2 - Micronutrient malnutrition and its importance

3 - Function, deficiency, and its implications and bioavailability of important micronutrients

3.1 - Provitamin A Carotenoid

3.2 - Iron

3.3 - Iodine

3.4 - Zinc

3.5 - Selenium

4 - Physiology behind micronutrient uptake, distribution, and accumulation in plants, including biosynthesis of provitamin ...

5 - Conventional strategies for nutritional enhancement

5.1 - Food Fortification

5.2 - Supplementation

5.3 - Market-Driven Fortification

5.4 - Dietary Diversification

6 - Biofortification

6.1 - Genetic Biofortification

6.1.1 - Classical Plant Breeding

6.1.2 - Special Breeding Approaches

6.1.2.1 - Mutation Breeding

6.1.2.2 - Tissue Culture Technique

6.1.2.3 - Molecular Breeding and Marker-Assisted Selection

6.1.2.4 - Transgenic Approach

6.2 - Agronomic Intervention

6.3 - Microbiological Intervention

6.3.1 - Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Cyanobacteria

6.3.2 - Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi

7 - Bioavailability Improvement

7.1 - Promoters

7.2 - Inhibitors

8 - Horticultural crops targeted for biofortification

8.1 - Vitamin A Orange Sweet Potato (Ipomea batatas)

8.2 - Vitamin A Cassava (Manihot esculenta)

8.3 - Vitamin A Banana/Plantain (Musa paradisiaca)

8.4 - Iron Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

8.5 - Iron and Zinc Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

8.6 - Iron Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

9 - Cost effectiveness

10 - Challenges

11 - Future needs

12 - Conclusions

References

Further Reading

Chapter 15 - Biofortified Vegetables for Improved Postharvest Quality: Special Reference to High-Pigment Tomatoes

1 - Introduction

1.1 - High-Pigment Tomato

1.2 - Purple Tomato

2 - Beneficial phytochemicals in tomato fruits

2.1 - Vitamin E

2.2 - Ascorbic Acid

2.3 - Carotenoids

2.4 - Phenolics and Flavonoids

3 - Antioxidant properties

4 - Tomato health benefits

5 - Colored potatoes

5.1 - Phenolic and Flavonoids

6 - Potato health benefits

7 - Postharvest quality of biofortified vegetables

8 - Conclusions and future trends

References

Chapter 16 - Preharvest Fruit Bagging for Better Protection and Postharvest Quality of Horticultural Produce

1 - Introduction

2 - Effects of preharvest bagging on fruits

2.1 - Fruit Size and Weight

2.1.1 - Increase in Fruit Size and Weight

2.1.2 - Reduction in Fruit Size and Weight

2.2 - Fruit Maturity

2.3 - Fruit Appearance

2.4 - Fruit Color Development

2.4.1 - Color Promotion

2.4.2 - Color Inhibition

2.5 - Incidence of Insect pests

2.6 - Incidence of Diseases

2.7 - Physiological Disorders

2.8 - Postharvest Quality of Fruits

2.9 - Activities of Enzymes

2.10 - Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity

2.11 - Aroma Volatiles

2.12 - Fruit Firmness

2.13 - Pesticide Residues

2.14 - Bird Damage

3 - Bagging date

4 - Kind of bag

5 - Date of bag removal

6 - Conclusions

References

Further Reading

Index

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