A π‐Conjugation Extended Viologen as a Two‐Electron Storage Anolyte for Total Organic Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries

E-ISSN： 1521-3773|57|1|231-235

ISSN： 1433-7851

Source： ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE INTERNATIONAL EDITION, Vol.57, Iss.1, 2018-01, pp. : 231-235

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Abstract

AbstractExtending the conjugation of viologen by a planar thiazolo[5,4‐d]thiazole (TTz) framework and functionalizing the pyridinium with hydrophilic ammonium groups yielded a highly water‐soluble π‐conjugation extended viologen, 4,4′‐(thiazolo[5,4‐d]thiazole‐2,5‐diyl)bis(1‐(3‐(trimethylammonio)propyl)pyridin‐1‐ium) tetrachloride, [(NPr)₂TTz]Cl₄ , as a novel two‐electron storage anolyte for aqueous organic redox flow battery (AORFB) applications. Its physical and electrochemical properties were systematically investigated. Paired with 4‐trimethylammonium‐TEMPO (N^Me‐TEMPO) as catholyte, [(NPr)₂TTz]Cl₄ enables a 1.44 V AORFB with a theoretical energy density of 53.7 Wh L⁻¹. A demonstrated [(NPr)₂TTz]Cl₄/N^Me‐TEMPO AORFB delivered an energy efficiency of 70 % and 99.97 % capacity retention per cycle.