Two Separate Introductions of Asian Citrus Psyllid Populations Found in the American Continents

Author: de León Jesse H.   Sétamou Mamoudou   Gastaminza Gerardo A.   Buenahora José   Cáceres Sara   Yamamoto Pedro T.   Bouvet Juan P.   Logarzo Guillermo A.  

Publisher: Entomological Society of America

ISSN: 1938-2901

Source: Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Vol.104, Iss.6, 2011-11, pp. : 1392-1398

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Abstract

A phylogeographic analysis inferred from the partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (433 bp) was performed with 22 populations of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama collected in the Americas and one in the Pacific. Eight populations from four countries in South America, 14 from four countries in North America, and one from Hawaii were analyzed. Twenty-three haplotypes (hp) were identified and they fell into two groups: hp1‐8 were identified in South America (group 1) and hp9‐23 were identified in North America and Hawaii (group 2). Hp1 and nine were present in the highest frequencies within each population and within their group, 81 and 85% for group 1 and group 2, respectively. A diagnostic nucleotide at position 48 was identified that allowed for the discrimination of the two groups; in addition, no haplotypes were shared between the two groups. An analysis of molecular variance uncovered significant genetic structure (ΦCT = 0.733; P < 0.001)="" between="" the="" two="" groups="" of="" the="" americas.="" two="" haplotype="" networks="" (parsimonysplits="" and="" statistical="" parsimony)="" discriminated="" the="" two="" groups="" and="" both="" networks="" identified="" hp1="" and="" nine="" as="" the="" predicted="" ancestral="" or="" founding="" haplotypes="" within="" their="" respective="" group.="" the="" data="" suggest="" that="" two="" separate="" introductions="" or="" founding="" events="" of="" d.="" citri="" occurred="" in="" the="" americas,="" one="" in="" south="" america="" and="" one="" in="" north="" america.="" furthermore,="" north="" america="" and="" hawaii="" appear="" to="" share="" a="" similar="" source="" of="" invasion.="" these="" data="" may="" be="" important="" to="" the="" development="" of="" biological="" control="" programs="" against="" d.="" citri="" in="" the="" americas.="">

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