Relation of the Feeding Process of the Pea Aphid to the Inoculation of Pea Enation Mosaic Virus

Author： NAULT LOWELL R. GYRISCO GEORGE G.

Publisher： Entomological Society of America

ISSN： 1938-2901

Source： Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Vol.59, Iss.6, 1966-11, pp. : 1185-1197

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Abstract

The probing behavior of 100 nonstarved pea aphids was compared with that of 504 aphids starved 2–3 hr. Forty-eight nonstarved aphids did not probe during a 5-min observation period; the 52 which did probe did not tend to initiate short probes. The probing behavior of non-starved aphids is generally erratic and difficult to characterize. Starved pea aphids, on the other hand, tend to initiate 1 or more probes of 5–25 sec before settling down to probes of longer duration. Additional observations revealed that pea aphids tap and/or slide the rostrum over the plant surface before probing. The rate of penetration of pea aphid stylets in pea leaves was studied by measuring exposed stylets of aphids anesthetized with CO₂. A maximum penetration of 5 was attained by 60 pea aphids in a 10-sec probe. Of 100 observations each at 30, 60, and 300 sec, the means were 8, 18, and 79, respectively. Observations of sheath saliva left behind in pea leaves subsequent to probes by 112 pea aphids revealed the following information about stylet penetration: (1) all probes by the pea aphid are accompanied by secretion of sheath saliva; (2) penetration of the epidermis is primarily intercellular; (3) during short probes (< 27="" sec)="" penetration="" beyond="" the="" epidermis="" does="" not="" occur;="" and="" (4)="" during="" longer="" probes="" the="" parenchyma="" is="" penetrated="" primarily="" intercellularly,="" with="" a="" more="" rapid="" rate="" of="" penetration="" in="" interveinal="" than="" veinal="" areas.="" viruliferous="" pea="" aphids="" are="" capable="" of="" inoculating="" pea="" enation="" mosaic="" virus="" (pemv)="" to="" pea="" leaves="" during="" single="" probes="" as="" short="" as="" 7="" sec.="" an="" increase="" in="" the="" rate="" of="" transmission="" occurs="" with="" an="" increase="" in="" the="" duration="" of="" inoculation="" probes="" from="" 6–60="" sec.="" further="" increases="" in="" the="" rate="" of="" transmission="" of="" this="" circulative="" virus="" occur="" during="" probes="" of="" from="" 1–5="" min.="" inoculation="" of="" pemv="" to="" veinal="" areas="" is="" 2="" or="" more="" times="" as="" effective="" as="" inoculation="" to="" interveinal="" areas.="" these="" studies="" show="" that="" the="" pea="" aphid="" can="" inoculate="" pemv="" intercellularly="" to="" the="" epidermis,="" and="" to="" the="" interveinal="" and="" veinal="" parenchyma="" of="" the="" pea="" leaf.="">