Author： HERTEL G. D. BENJAMIN D. M.
Publisher： Entomological Society of America
ISSN： 1938-2901
Source： Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Vol.72, Iss.6, 1979-11, pp. : 816-819
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Abstract
Tetralopha robustella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) has 3 generations/year in young slash pine plantations in northeast Florida. First, 2nd, and 3rd instars mine needles and usually stay in the area of the mined needles. Fourth, 5th, and 6th instars share a common frass nest, sometimes with 2nd and 3rd instars, on a branch or the main bole and collect needles to take back to the frass nest where they feed. Sixth instars move to the soil, construct cocoons, and pupate. Adult moths emerge between Apr. and Oct. and lay eggs on the flat surface of the needles. Eleven parasitic species were reared from field-collected colonies during a 2-year period. Syzeuctus elegans (Cresson) was the most common hymenopteran parasite found and a Eufrontina sp. the most common dipteran parasite. Of the pine webworm colonies collected in 1972 and 1973, one or more parasites were found in 9, 17, 50, and 47% of the field colonies from 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-year-old pines, respectively.
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