Author： JONES DAVY WILLIAMS MICHAEL L. JONES GRACE
Publisher： Entomological Society of America
ISSN： 1938-2901
Source： Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Vol.73, Iss.4, 1980-07, pp. : 448-451
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Abstract
Stylops bipunctatae Pierce, S. hippotes Pierce, and S. claytoniae Pierce (Strepsiptera) stylopize Andrena miserabilis Cresson, A. hippotes Robertson, and A. imitatrix Cresson, respectively, in Alabama. Stylopized Andrena miserabilis appeared at spring flowers earlier than unstylopized hosts. Stylopization was initially as high as 87.5%, fell below 7.0% within several days, and rose to 14.0–20.9% about 4 weeks after hosts first appeared. Most female S. bipunctatae occurred as single parasites, but up to 3 were found in the same host. Females produced as many as 4,000 eggs, and triungulin larvae were present by 2–3 weeks into the season. The positively phototrophic triungulins did not all develop or emerge from the female parasite simultaneously. Of female S. bipunctatae surviving to reproduce, 96% were in female hosts and 78% of reproducing females occurred as single parasites. In hosts containing more than one reproducing female the parasites were often in different stages of reproductive development. Both male and female host exhibited reversal of secondary sexual characters, such as clypeal pigmentation and scopal hairs. However, the pattern of reversal was not always the same. None of 53 stylopized A. miserabilis or 2 stylopized A. hippotes exhibited evidence of the still unknown male parasites. A stylopized A. imitatrix contained an empty male pupal case, indicating male S. claytoniae do exist.
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