

Author: Harris L.J. Snyder P.J.
Publisher: Academic Press
ISSN: 0093-934X
Source: Brain and Language, Vol.56, Iss.3, 1997-03, pp. : 377-396
Disclaimer: Any content in publications that violate the sovereignty, the constitution or regulations of the PRC is not accepted or approved by CNPIEC.
Abstract
In 1949, the neurologist Juhn Wada reported the first use of a new procedure for determining the localization of speech and language in neurological patients: examination of the effects on speech and language after injecting a barbiturate, sodium amytal, into the internal carotid artery of each hemisphere in succession. By the 1960s, Wada's Intracarotid Amobarbital Procedure, or IAP, had become the method of choice for identifying the speech-dominant side in one kind of neurological patient, persons with epilepsy who are candidates for surgical resection, and it remains so today. In 1941, however, an American neurosurgeon, W. James Gardner, reported his use of a different anesthetization procedure for speech localization in neurological patients. Instead of injecting sodium amytal through the blood supply, as in the IAP, Gardner injected procaine hydrochloride directly into cortical tissue. In this paper, we provide a brief biography of Gardner. We then discuss his method of cortical anesthetization, the theoretical and empirical background guiding his use of this method and his choice of patients, and, finally, the fate of Gardner's method within the scientific community.
Related content


By Ternovoi S. K. Sinitsyn V. E. Evzikov G. Yu. Morozov S. P. Kholodov B. V.
Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology, Vol. 34, Iss. 5, 2004-06 ,pp. :


Serendipity and the Cerebral Localization of Pleasure
Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, Vol. 15, Iss. 2, 2006-07 ,pp. :


Cerebral Localization in Antiquity
Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, Vol. 18, Iss. 3, 2009-07 ,pp. :


Cerebral polyopia, neuroimaging localization
By Huna-Baron Ruth Kupersmith Mark J.
Neuro-Ophthalmology, Vol. 24, Iss. 1, 2000-08 ,pp. :