Overall Versus Band Application of the Nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita With and Without Incorporation into Soil, for Biological Control of Slugs in Winter Wheat

Author： Hass B. Hughes L. A. Glen D. M.

Publisher： Taylor & Francis Ltd

ISSN： 1360-0478

Source： Biocontrol Science and Technology, Vol.9, Iss.4, 1999-12, pp. : 579-586

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Abstract

In two concurrent field experiments, the effects of three types of soil cultivation and two patterns of nematode application were studied in order to investigate their effects on damage to winter wheat by slugs (assessed at Zadoks Growth Stage 12). In experiment 1, infective juveniles (IJs) of the nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita were applied to soil as an overall spray or as a band spray (8-cm wide), centred on the drill rows (16.7-cm apart). Nematodes were either left undisturbed on the soil surface or harrowed into the soil immediately after application. The control provided by nematodes was compared with that provided by metaldehyde and methiocarb pellets broadcast at the recommended rate immediately after drilling. In this experiment, winter wheat on plots treated with IJs showed significantly less slug damage than on wheat plots treated with metaldehyde or methiocarb pellets or untreated plots. There was no significant difference in plant damage between plots treated with band and overall spray applications of IJs, nor was there any significant difference between plots with and without harrowing. There was also no significant difference between untreated plots and plots treated with metaldehyde or methiocarb pellets, probably because rainfall shortly after treatment rendered the pellets ineffective. In experiment 2, nematodes were applied as an overall spray or plots were not treated with nematodes before soil was cultivated with tines, Roterra or Dutzi cultivators. Nematode application before soil cultivation using tines or Roterra reduced the number of plants damaged significantly. However, nematodes applied before Dutzi cultivation appeared to be rendered ineffective. Damage to winter wheat was lowest in plots that had been sprayed with nematodes and subsequently cultivated with tines or Roterra.