Author： Casson Leonard W. Bess James W. Navin Thomas J. Lubie Derek B.
Publisher： Water Environment Federation
ISSN： 1938-6478
Source： Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation, Vol.2003, Iss.11, 2003-01, pp. : 707-723
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Abstract
Chlorine is the most common disinfectant used in water and wastewater treatment systems in the United States, although the use of ultraviolet light and ozone are becoming more common. Historically, gaseous chlorine was the most prevalent form of chlorination in the United States; however, the use of an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite is increasing in water and wastewater treatment applications due to safety concerns associated with the use, storage and transportation of chlorine gas. The implementation of the Risk Management Plan (RMP) by the USEPA for the storage of hazardous chemicals (June 1999) and the re-registration of chlorine gas by the USEPA Office of Pesticide Programs as a pesticide (Fall 2001) also has accelerated the use of sodium hypochlorite in the water and wastewater treatment industry. It should be noted that while the disinfection of drinking water using either ultraviolet light or ozone can be viable alternatives to gaseous chlorine, additional disinfection will be required to provide the USEPA mandated disinfectant residual in drinking water distribution systems.
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