Author： Baars Bert-Jan
Publisher： EPP Publications
ISSN： 0967-0513
Source： Land Contamination & Reclamation, Vol.14, Iss.4, 2006-10, pp. : 775-791
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Abstract
Toxicology, the science of poisons, studies the interaction between chemical substances and living organisms. Since exposure is necessary for any toxic effect to be expressed, attention is first paid to absorption, distribution and excretion of foreign compounds (xenobiotics), including the toxicokinetic principles of these processes. Secondly, because xenobiotics, once in the organism, are difficult to excrete, the key biotransformation reactions of xenobiotics are outlined. Thirdly, some important toxic responses of the body are summarized. Finally, the basis of risk assessment, together with health-based exposure levels and product standards are introduced.