Evidence and effects of freak waves

Author： Huther Michel Veritas Bureau Olagnon Michel

Publisher： IMarEST

ISSN： 1476-1556

Source： Proceedings of IMarEST - Part B - Journal of Marine Design and Operations, Vol.2008, Iss.13, 2008-07, pp. : 3-11

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Abstract

Damage to vessels or losses at sea during heavy sea conditions has always been a reality. However, following the development of large, powerful container ships, a number of incidents off the coast of South Africa in the 1970s brought to light the existence of uncommon wave patterns not clearly identified before - freak or rogue waves. More recent observations by researchers and recent ship casualties - such as the Derbyshire or Schiehallion - show that the phenomenon is not as uncommon as first thought and must be more seriously considered by naval architects and seamen.Firstly the actions of freak waves upon ships and offshore platforms are reviewed, along with associated risks, and illustrated using recorded incidents and recent measurements obtained using ship motion and hull behaviour monitoring equipment. Secondly, evidence from published data and measurements of wave profiles are reviewed, followed by state-of-the-art analysis of their potential origins, along with sea states and meteorological conditions, and up-to-date modelling and forecasting techniques. The reality and generality of the phenomena is highlighted, showing the catastrophic consequences freak waves can have on ships and offshore platforms. Also, the difficulty of integrating defences against such a phenomenon into ship design and operation management is considered, giving possible solutions, along with IACS actions to improve bulk carrier safety.