Author: Yokozawa T. Lee K.I. Nakagawa T. Cho E.J. Chung H.Y.
Publisher: Pharmaceutical Press
ISSN: 1460-8081
Source: Pharmacy and Pharmacology Communications, Vol.5, Iss.11, 1999-11, pp. : 657-661
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Abstract
The effect of pine leaf extract and its constituent compounds, gallic acid and galloyl gallic acid, on cell injury were determined in the cultured renal epithelial cell line, LLC-PK1.The cytotoxic effect of 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), thought to form peroxynitrite (ONOO-) as a simultaneous superoxide (O2-) and nitric oxide (NO) generator, was inhibited by pine leaf extract, and more potently by gallic acid and galloyl gallic acid. The extract inhibited ONOO- formation by SIN-1 and scavenged ONOO- directly. Compared with the extract, gallic acid and galloyl gallic acid had potent ONOO--scavenging activity, indicating that tannin may contribute to the activity of pine leaf extract. Both sodium nitroprusside as a NO generator and pyrogallol as an O2- generator, enhanced cytotoxicity in epithelial cells, and this effect was not abolished by the extract, gallic acid or galloyl gallic acid.The results suggest that pine leaf may exert a protective effect against ONOO--mediated epithelial cell injury.