Antibody Testing Against Canine Coronavirus by Immunoperoxidase Plaque Staining

ISSN： 0165-7380

Source： Veterinary Research Communications, Vol.25, Iss.4, 2001-05, pp. : 327-336

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Abstract

The application of the immunoperoxidase (IP) plaque staining procedure (IP test) to the diagnosis of canine coronavirus (CCV) infection was investigated. The IP test did not react with sera from either 15 specific pathogen-free (SPF) dogs or 7 SPF dogs immunized with a multivalent vaccine, including canine parvovirus type 2, canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus type 2, and canine parainfluenza virus. To compare the IP test with the neutralizing test (NT), sera from 240 healthy dogs and from 3 experimentally CCV-infected dogs were examined. All 60 sera positive for NT antibody were positive for IP antibody, and all 180 sera negative for NT antibody were negative for IP antibody in the healthy dogs. The IP titres showed similar changes with time after CCV inoculation to those of the NT titres in the experimentally infected dogs. These findings indicate that the IP test specifically detected anti-CCV antibodies. When the IP test and NT were compared in dogs with diarrhoeic signs. 2.1% of 48 sera and 20.3% of 74 sera, which were all negative for NT antibody, were positive for IP antibody in the dogs of under one year of age and at least one year of age, respectively. The difference between the IP and NT titres (log_10 [reciprocal of IP titre] – log_10 [reciprocal of NT titre]) for the diarrhoeic dogs of under one year of age (2.350±0.931) was significantly larger than that for the healthy dogs (0.982±0.447) (p<0.0001), the="" nt="" titre="" being="" negative="" or="" very="" low,="" despite="" a="" high="" ip="" titre="" in="" many="" diarrhoeic="" dogs.="" hence,="" the="" ip="" test="" is="" more="" able="" to="" detect="" anti-ccv="" antibodies,="" especially="" in="" dogs="" showing="" clinical="" signs.="" the="" ip-positivity="" rate="" was="" significantly="" higher="" in="" the="" diarrhoeic="" dogs="" of="" under="" one="" year="" of="" age="" (48.7%)="" than="" in="" the="" healthy="" dogs="" (25.0%)="" (χ^2="19.844,"><0.0001), suggesting="" that="" ccv="" may="" contribute="" to="" diarrhoea="" in="" many="" juvenile="" dogs.="">