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ICD-10 for Billing versus DSM-5 for Diagnosing: A Commentary on Litigation and Legislation

Abstract

Introduction

Diagnosing and Billing in the Context of Mental Disorders

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (DSM-5, ICD-10-CM)/ Hyperkinetic Disorders (ICD/CDDG-10)

Conduct Disorders (ICD-CDDG-10, ICD-10-CM)/Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (DSM-5)

Pervasive Developmental Disorders (ICD/CDDG-10, ICD-10-CM)/Autism Spectrum Disorder (DSM-5)

Mental Retardation (ICD/CDDG-10)/Intellectual Disability (DSM-5, ICD-10-CM)

Separation Anxiety Disorder of Childhood (ICD/CDDG-10, ICD-10-CM)/ Separation Anxiety Disorder (DSM-5)

Elective Mutism (ICD/CDDG-10)/ Selective Mutism (DSM-5, ICD-10-CM))

Pica of Infancy and Childhood (ICD/CDDG-10, ICD-10-CM) /Pica (DSM-5)

Litigation and Legislation Issues

Discussion

References

Elucidation of Individual Differences in the Psychological Effects of a Forest Environment†

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Materials and Methods

2.1. Study Sites and Subjects

2.2. Experimental Design

2.3. Psychological Measurements

2.4. Data Analysis

3. Results

4. Discussion

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

Psychotherapeutic Treatment as a Manifestation of the Thermodynamic Principles

Abstract

Introduction

Theory

Conclusion

References

Marital Status and Its Effect on Subjective Daytime Sleepiness in the General Population†

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Methods

2.1. Participants and Procedure

2.2. Measures

2.2.1. Excessive Daytime Sleepiness

2.2.2. Daytime Sleepiness

2.3. Data Analysis

3. Results

4. Discussion

4.1. Limitations

Conflict of Interest

References

A Study of Cognitive (Attentional Focus) and Mentalizing Comments of Maternal Speech: Relationship to Infant Birth Order†

Abstract

Introduction

Constructs on Parental Mentalization

Early Familial Interactive Experiences of First- and Second-Born Infants

Aims of this Project

Method

Participants

Procedure

Coding

Plan of Micro-Analysis and Coding

Transcription of Maternal Infant-Directed Speech

Content Categories

Attentional Focus of Maternal Speech

Mentalizing Thematic Sequences in Maternal Speech

Segmentation Procedure

Inter - Observer Reliability

Descriptive and Statistical Analysis

Results

Structure of Maternal Infant-Directed Speech for Interactions of Firstborn and Secondborn Infants with their Mothers

Descriptive Analysis of Content and Focus Categories across Individual Dyads of Mothers with First- and Second-Born Infants

Relationship between Infant Birth Order and Content Categories

Relationship between Infant Birth Order and Focus Categories

Relationships between Infant Age, Infant Birth Order and Content and Focus Categories

Discussion

Summary of Results of this Study

Similarities in the Hierarchy of Attentional Focus and Mind-Related Comments of Maternal Speech to First-Born and Second-Born Infants

Structural Variations and Quantitative Differences in Maternal Speech to First-Born and Second-Born Infants

Limitations of this Study

Conclusion

Note

Acknowledgments

References