Author： Hawkins Michael Vong Cuong Skorokhod Vladislav Schreiber Henry Veregin Richard McDougall Maria
Publisher： Society for Imaging Science and Technology
ISSN： 1943-3522
Source： Journal of Imaging Science and Technology, Vol.50, Iss.3, 2006-05, pp. : 288-293
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Abstract
Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) has been applied to study the surface properties of developer materials, measuring acid, base, and dispersion interactions. Model carrier and toner particles were prepared, where the toner was blended with various nano-particulate metal oxide surface additives: Silica, titania, and alumina. Toner charging was determined with these surface additive formulations. IGC was used to characterize carrier and additive surface chemistry. Results from IGC were evaluated with respect to toner charge and to metal oxide work functions. A correlation was found between IGC-determined surface acid-base interaction parameters of the developer materials, and their work functions and triboelectric charge. Together, the IGC, work function, and charging results strongly support a work function model for developer charging, where the work function is determined by the acid and base properties of the developer components. Thus, as the ratio of the acid to base interaction parameters of the metal oxide surface additive increased, toner charge became more negative. The results are in quantitative agreement with the surface states charging model proposed in the companion paper in this series.
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