Investigation of the causes for the occurrence of residues of the anticoccidial feed additive nicarbazin in commercial poultry

Author： O'Keeffe M.

Publisher： Taylor & Francis Ltd

ISSN： 1464-5122

Source： Food Additives and Contaminants, Vol.24, Iss.9, 2007-09, pp. : 923-934

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Abstract

Investigations were undertaken to identify causes for the occurrence of high levels of the zootechnical feed additive nicarbazin in broiler liver at slaughter. The first investigation on 32 commercial broiler flocks involved sampling and analysis for nicarbazin (as dinitrocarbanilide, DNC) in liver from birds during a 3-10-day period after withdrawal of nicarbazin from their feed and before commercial slaughter. DNC residues in liver samples of broilers scheduled as being withdrawn from nicarbazin for ≥6 days ranged from 20 to >1600 µg kg-1 (the specified withdrawal period for nicarbazin is 5 days and the Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) maximum residue limit (MRL) is 200 µg kg-1 liver). Further on-farm investigations on 12 of these flocks, selected on the basis of the feeding system in use and the levels of DNC residues determined in liver, identified issues in feed management contributing to elevated residues in broiler liver. A significant correlation (0.81, p < 0.01,="" n="10)" between="" dnc="" residues="" in="" liver="" samples="" and="" in="" feed="" samples="" from="" the="" feeding="" pans="" was="" observed.="" the="" second="" investigation="" on="" 12="" commercial="" broiler="" flocks="" involved="" sampling="" and="" analysis="" for="" dnc="" in="" liver="" samples="" and="" feed="" samples="" from="" feeding="" pans="" and="" from="" the="" feed="" mill="" at="" the="" three="" thinnings="" of="" birds="" for="" commercial="" slaughter.="" in="" the="" case="" of="" one="" flock,="" a="" clear="" relationship="" between="" nicarbazin="" in="" feed="" from="" the="" feed="" mill="" (10.5="" mg="" kg-1="" dnc),="" in="" feed="" from="" the="" feeding="" pans="" (6.6="" mg="" kg-1="" dnc)="" and="" in="" liver="" (583="" µg="" kg-1="" dnc)="" at="" first="" thinning="" (9="" days="" scheduled="" withdrawal="" from="" nicarbazin)="" was="" observed.="" such="" a="" clear="" relationship="" was="" not="" observed="" in="" other="" cases,="" particularly="" at="" second="" and="" third="" thinnings,="" pointing="" to="" re-exposure="" of="" birds="" to="" nicarbazin="" late="" in="" the="" flock="" production="" cycle,="" probably="" from="" the="" litter.="" guidelines="" outlining="" best="" farm="" practice="" to="" eliminate="" nicarbazin="" residues="" in="" poultry="" have="" been="" published="" in="" booklet="" and="" poster="" format="" for="" broiler="" producers="" and="" deal="" with="" feed="" system="" cleaning,="" feed="" bin="" management,="" feed="" deliveries,="" feed="" usage="" and="" records.="">