Biosorption Potentiality of Living Aspergillus niger Tiegh in Removing Heavy Metal from Aqueous Solution

Author： George Basil Nirmal Kumar J. I. Kumar Rita N. Sajish P. R.

ISSN： 1088-9868

Source： Bioremediation Journal, Vol.16, Iss.4, 2012-12, pp. : 195-203

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Abstract

The species of Aspergillus niger Tiegh isolated from estuarine sediments has been studied for tolerance to heavy metals such as Hg and Pb and for its capacities to uptake metals. A. niger was allowed to grow in monometal- as well as bimetal-containing media (25 mg L⁻¹) to determine the biosorption capacity of the organism. The effects of temperature and pH on biosorption were studied to elucidate the biosorption property and optimum growth conditions for the organism. Results revealed that 91.1% of Pb and 97.1% of Hg were removed from the monometal solutions, and there was a reduction of 96.9% of Hg and 89.3% of Pb from the bimetal solution after 92 h of fungal growth. The binding mechanism involved between metal ion and functional groups present on the cell surface of the biomass was studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), which confirms the presence of amine, hydroxyl, carboxyl, and phosphate groups. The adsorption of metal ions on the biomass surface was confirmed using scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDAX) studies. The experimental study proved that A. niger can be used as a suitable biosorption agent for removing metal ions when present in low concentration.