Carrier Mediated Systemic Delivery of Protein and Peptide Therapeutics

E-ISSN： 1873-4286|22|40|6167-6191

ISSN： 1381-6128

Source： Current Pharmaceutical Design, Vol.22, Iss.40, 2016-12, pp. : 6167-6191

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Abstract

Over the last few decades proteins and peptide therapeutics have occupied anenormous fraction of pharmaceutical industry. Despite their high potential as therapeutics,the big challenge often encountered is the effective administration and bioavailability ofprotein therapeutics in vivo system. Peptide molecules are well known for their in vivo shorthalf-lives. In addition, due to high molecular weight and susceptibility to enzymatic degradation,often it is not easy to administer peptides and proteins orally or through any other noninvasiveroutes. Conventional drug management system often demands for frequent andregular interval intravenous/subcutaneous administration, which decreases overall patientcompliance and increases chances of side-effects related to dose-fluctuation in systemiccirculation. A controlled mode of delivery system could address all these short-comings at atime. Therefore, long-acting sustained release formulations for both invasive and noninvasiveroutes are under rigorous study currently. Long-acting formulations through invasive routes can address patientcompliance and dose-fluctuation issues by less frequent administration. Also, any new route of administration other thaninvasive routes will address cost-effectiveness of the therapeutic by lessening the need to deal with health professional andhealth care facility. Although a vast number of studies are dealing with novel drug delivery systems, till now only a handfulof controlled release formulations for proteins and peptides have been approved by FDA. This study therefore focuseson current and perspective controlled release formulations of existing and novel protein/peptide therapeutics via conventionalinvasive routes as well as potential novel non-invasive routes of administration, e.g., oral, buccal, sublingual, nasal,ocular, rectal, vaginal and pulmonary.